After the victory of Guaqui, General Goyeneche had retired to Europe, to enjoy the honors conferred on him as Count de Guaqui and a grandee of Spain. General Pezuela and General Ramirez were sent to succeed him, with troops to prevent the Argentine forces from advancing into Alto Peru; and General Ramirez, who was in Oruro when the patriots entered La Paz, led twelve hundred men against them, forcing them to retire. He then passed on to Puno and advanced on Arequipa in time to reinforce the royalist troops which had been defeated and scattered by another division of the Cuzco army, under command of the Cacique Pumacagua and Vicente Angulo, at that moment occupying Arequipa, amid the rejoicings of the patriotic citizens. The trained hosts of Ramirez were more than a match for the Cuzco troops, who were forced to retreat, while the victors entered the city in triumph. Pumacagua and Vicente Angulo made a desperate effort to recover their position, but when, after months of marching and counter-marching, the armies met at Umachiri, the patriots with badly organized troops, many of them undrilled Indians, while Ramirez had a force of thirteen hundred, well armed and disciplined, the result of the battle was a total overthrow of the Cuzco troops, who were pursued and again defeated in an encounter at Azángaro, the captives being scourged and then set free—after having their ears cut off as a menace to their sympathizers. The royalist troops found many of these mutilated heroes among the insurgents whom they overcame in a final engagement at Asillo soon afterward. [Illustration: THE SENATE CHAMBER, LIMA.]