it was found that one-third of the one hundred and ninety-three officers and men on the _Huascar_ had been killed or wounded. [Illustration: GENERAL ANDRÉS CÁCERES, PRESIDENT OF PERU, 1886–1890 AND 1894–1895.] In the hecatomb of Angamos perished Peru’s last hope of keeping the enemy from an attack on the coast, which extended fourteen hundred miles in length and presented peculiar difficulties of defence, because of the desert regions that occur at intervals. The movement of troops was practically impossible in case of a blockade of the ports, and the uncertainty of the chosen point of attack made it necessary to prepare for defence everywhere. In November 1879 the invading Chilean army, consisting of ten thousand men, and supported by the Chilean fleet, began a series of attacks on land which, with the exception of the battle of Tarapacá and a few minor engagements, resulted in victory for the invading troops. The only advantage Peru could claim lay in the skill of her generals and other commanding officers who performed miracles in manœuvring the small forces at their disposal. General Buendia, commander-in-chief of the Peruvian army, was fortunate in the officers who surrounded him. His chief staff officer, Colonel Suarez, who led the troops in the victory of Tarapacá, and Colonel (now General) Andrés Cáceres, who received the felicitations of his chief on the field of battle on that memorable occasion, showed themselves worthy descendants of a race of warriors; Colonel Bolognesi, Colonel Zubiaga, Colonel Pardo de Figueroa, Colonel Rios, all of whom lost their lives in the service of their country, were soldiers whose military genius, no less than their heroism, reflected glory on their country. The name of Bolognesi is especially revered in Peru, in memory of the heroic fight which this indomitable hero made on the Morro de Arica, June 5, 1880. The war had gone against the allies, the command of the sea giving the Chileans a tremendous advantage; though, in spite of their watchfulness, the _Union_ and small transports succeeded in running the blockades and getting troops, arms, and clothing to the Peruvian army at various points. The assault and capture of Arica was to bring the struggle close to its final scene—the last formal resistance on the part of Peru being made at Huamachuco under the command of General Cáceres—and this thrilling event proved a fitting climax to one of the saddest dramas in the history of republican America. Colonel Francisco Bolognesi was given command of the defence of Arica. With him were Captain Moore, Alfonso Ugarte, Colonel Inclan, Arias, Varela, and the Cornejo brothers, all prepared to die with their leader rather than surrender. The heavy bombardment from the _Cochrane_, _Magallanes_, _Covadonga_, and _Loa_ was answered by the monitor _Manco Ccapac_ and the shore batteries, the guns on the Morro doing effective service; but the odds were more than