two to one of disciplined troops against volunteers and the result was inevitable. Bolognesi, Moore, and Alfonso Ugarte stood together at the guns as the fort was taken, and met the death of heroes. The story of Arica and of the events which followed chills one with horror at the thought that such things could be; and the nation to whom victory was thus brought must sincerely regret that it was won at such dreadful cost. Peruvian industries and commerce were paralyzed, as if the whole land had been scourged by a plague; and the beautiful City of the Kings, with its population of one hundred thousand, as well as the suburbs, Chorillos and Miraflores, presented a spectacle of general desolation. The War of the Pacific lasted four years and a half, and closed with the Treaty of Ancón, which was signed in Lima on the 23d of October, 1883, by General Manuel Iglesias, the commander of the Peruvian army in the north, who believed there was no other way to obtain peace than by submission. In accordance with this treaty, the province of Tarapacá, with its valuable nitrate fields, was given up to Chile unconditionally and for all time; and the provinces of Tacna and Arica were ceded for a period of ten years, subject, at the expiration of that time, to a plebiscite, which would definitely establish their nationality; it being stipulated that the country in whose favor it should result, should pay to the other the sum of ten million pesos. This plebiscite has not yet been held. After the signing of this treaty, General Iglesias assumed command of the government, the Assembly convoked by him ratifying his appointment as president of Peru and approving the Treaty of Ancón. But a great part of the nation refused to recognize his authority and could not be induced to lay down their arms; General Cáceres, who with General Canevaro and others had sustained the honor of their country through four years of incessant struggle against heavy odds, continued the bitter fight to the last.