Throughout the Herbal there are recollections of the north of England,
where the author spent his boyhood. Of heath, for instance, he tells
us: "The hyest hethe that ever I saw groweth in Northumberland,
which is so hyghe that a man may hyde himself in." Of the wild
hyacinth he writes: "The boyes in Northūberland scrape the roote of
the herbe and glew theyr arrowes and bokes wyth that slyme that they
scrape of." Of sea-wrake (seaweed) he tells us: "In the Bishopriche of
Durham the housbandmen of the countie that dwel by the sea syde use to
fate [fatten, _i. e._ manure] their lande with seawrake." Under
"birch" we find: "Fisherers in Northumberland pyll off the uttermost
barke and put it in the clyft of a sticke and set in fyre and hold it
at the water syde and make fish come thether, whiche if they se they
stryke with theyr leysters or sammon speres. The same," he continues,
"is good to make hoopes of and twigges for baskettes, it is so
bowinge. It serveth for many good uses and for none better then for
betinge of stubborne boyes that ether lye or will not learne."
Cudweed "is called in Northumberland chafwede because it is thought to
be good for chafyng of any man's fleshe wyth goynge or rydynge." And
it would be interesting to know if the daisy is still called banwurt
in the north. "The Northern men call thys herbe banwurt because it
helpeth bones to knyt agayne.... Plinie writeth that the dasey hath
III and sometimes IV little whyte leves whiche go about the yelow
knope, it appereth that the double Daseys were not founde in plinies
tyme whych have a greate dele mo then Plini maketh mention of."
There are other country customs which he records. "Shepherds use
clivers [goosegrass] in stede of a strayner to pull out here of the
mylke;" "birderers [bird-catchers] take bowes of birch and lime the
twigges and go a bat folinge with them;" "som make a lee [lye] or an
ashy water of the rotes of gentian wherwyth they toke out spottes very
well out of cloth." He mentions woad as "trimmed wyth mannes labor in
dyenge and wull and clothe," and teazle "which the fullers dresse
their cloth wtall." Apparently Turner gave the spindle tree its name,
for he says: "I coulde never learne an Englishe name for it. The
Duche men call it in Netherlande, spilboome, that is, spindel tree,
because they use to make spindels of it in that countrey, and me
thynke it maye be so well named in English seying we have no other
name.... I know no good propertie that this tree hath, saving only it
is good to make spindels and brid of cages" [bird cages].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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