HISTORIC HIGHWAYS OF AMERICA VOLUME 5 HISTORIC HIGHWAYS OF AMERICA VOLUME 5 The Old Glade (Forbes's) Road (PENNSYLVANIA STATE ROAD) BY ARCHER BUTLER HULBERT _With Maps and Illustrations_ [Illustration] THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY CLEVELAND, OHIO 1903 COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE 9 I. THE OLD TRADING PATH 15 II. A BLOOD-RED FRONTIER 35 III. THE CAMPAIGNS OF 1758 65 IV. THE OLD OR A NEW ROAD? 81 V. THE NEW ROAD 124 VI. THE MILITARY ROAD TO THE WEST 163 VII. THE PENNSYLVANIA ROAD 190 ILLUSTRATIONS I. SHIPPEN'S DRAUGHT OF THE MONONGAHELA AND YOUGHIOGHENY RIVERS, AND BRADDOCK'S ROAD (1759) 29 II. FRONTIER FORTS AND BLOCKHOUSES IN 1756 51 III. FORBES'S ROAD TO RAYSTOWN (1757) 103 IV. THE REMAINS OF BOUQUET'S REDOUBT AT FORT PITT 184 PREFACE When General Edward Braddock landed in Virginia in 1755, one of his first acts in his campaign upon the Ohio was to urge Governor Morris to have a road opened westward through Pennsylvania. His reason for wishing another road, parallel to the one his own army was to cut, was that there might be a shorter route than his own to the northern colonies, over which his expresses might pass speedily, and over which wagons might come more quickly from Pennsylvania--then the "granary of America." It was inevitable that the shortest route from the center of the colonies to the Ohio would become the most important. The road Braddock asked Morris to open was completed only three miles beyond the present town of Bedford, Pennsylvania, when the road choppers hurried home on receipt of the news of Braddock's defeat. Braddock made a death-bed prophecy; it was that the British would do better next time. In 1758 Pitt placed Braddock's unfulfilled task on the shoulders of Brigadier-general John Forbes, who marched to Bedford on the new road opened by Morris; thence he opened, along the general alignment of the prehistoric "Trading Path," a new road to the Ohio. It was a desperate undertaking; but Forbes completed his campaign in November, 1758 triumphantly--at the price of his life.