The Old Humanities and the New Science — John Shaqi
The Old Humanities and the New ScienceOsler, William, Sir
Philosophy
The Old Humanities and the New Science
Osler, William, Sir
Classical education; Science
The meeting of the Association was to be held in Oxford, the bed-rock of
classical learning--the only place, it seems, where the word "humanism"
in its narrow sense still survives in modern university terminology as
that part of the curriculum known as _Litteræ Humaniores_. As was
characteristic of his methods, the mere address itself did not suffice,
but he prepared for the occasion in other ways. Thus he collected from
the various Oxford colleges and placed on exhibition an array of
historical objects illustrating the important part Oxford had once
played in science and natural philosophy in days antedating the Royal
Society which had its seeds of origin there. In addition, and as a
possible offset to this, he exhibited from his own collection of books
those volumes which constituted in their original editions the
outstanding classics in Science and Medicine. A small pamphlet
concerning them reads as follows:
Faced with a bewildering variety and ever-increasing literature,
how is the hard-pressed student to learn--
1. The evolution of knowledge in any subject;
2. The life and work of the men who made the original
contributions?
So far as concerns Science and Medicine, an attempt is
made to answer the question by the collection of a
Bibliotheca Prima, examples from which are here shown. The
idea is to have in a comparatively small number of works the
essential literature grouped about the men of the first rank,
arranged in chronological order.
I have put out the _editiones principes_ of twenty of such
works. The fundamental contribution may be represented
by a great Aldine edition, _e.g._ Aristotle, by the brief
communication such as that of Darwin and Wallace in the
Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 1858, or by a three-page
pamphlet of Roentgen. From the card lists of Galen, Hippocrates,
Vesalius, and Harvey, those interested will see the aim and
scope of the collection.
The works on exhibition are:
Plato 1513
Hippocrates 1526
Aristotle 1495-98
Theophrastus 1483
Galen 1525
Dioscorides 1499
Celsus 1478
Plotinus 1492
Rhazes 1476
Avicenna 1486 (not ed. pr.)
Averrhoes 1473
Copernicus 1543
Vesalius 1543
Agricola 1556
Gilbert 1600
Bacon 1620
Galileo 1632
Harvey 1628
Descartes 1637
Newton 1687
Though it is hardly pertinent to this introductory note, the temptation
is strong to dwell further on the treasures of his library. These
mentioned above were but samples from the Bibliotheca Prima, and the
superb collection, with copious notes on each separate item, is further
subdivided into some seven sections--Bibliotheca Secunda, historica,
biographica, literaria, the incunabulas, and so on.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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