_The means to preserve a healthful state in old age._ The diseases of aged persons differ, according to their state of body, and natural constitution: the corpulent, are in danger of asthmas; the lean, of stranguries: both should be guarded against with extreme care; but most the first, because many sudden deaths have happened from it, that might have been prevented easily by a timely care. That care, and all the necessary help, will be shewn in a separate chapter on this disease. With respect to suppressions of urine, beside all that has been written of Burdock root, I may add here, that if as much had been known of its virtues but a little while ago, as is now notorious, we might some years longer have enjoyed that excellent man Peter Collinson. Mr. Josiah Soames, near dying the same way, was saved by it. Exercise has thro’ the younger part of life been very instrumental in preserving health: when we grow old we cannot use so much; and we must therefore be more careful in our food. That will go off well with motion, which will overload when quiet: that will nourish while we walk abroad; which, when we stay at home, breeds fevers. We must not make a change of diet violently; for all sudden alterations are dangerous. Our strength for exercise will leave us by degrees; and we must reduce our nourishment accordingly. Old men are least healthy in winter: therefore they should then be most careful. They are colder than the young; and therefore cold more affects them. They will perceive the cold has hurt them, when they find the pulse weaker and slower than usual: and they must recover the new damage, by more warmth of cloathing; and a somewhat richer diet. If perspiration has been stop’d by the cold, and no other ill effect follow, that will be seen by the urine being paler, and more in quantity than usual. In this case let flannel be put on carefully: this will soon restore the perspiration; and the urine will return to its due colour, and quantity. And after that let the flannel be carefully left off again. Health consists in the evacuations having all their proper course and quantity: and flannel will diminish one as much as it encreases another. No disorder is more troublesome to old men than costiveness: and the use of flannel unadvisedly will sometimes occasion this. A careful attention to health is the only way to preserve it: and many things are excellent when properly used; which may otherwise be destructive. If the appetite fail; or wind oppress the stomach after meals; then take more air, and exercise; and read or study less. Much study always hurts digestion.