[22] _Presidential Address_, _Section D_, _Zoology_, Leeds, 1890. [23] _Riddle of the Universe_, p. 2. [24] _Ibid._, p. 83. [25] "Pseudo-Scientific Realism," _Collected Essays_, i, 68, 74-78. [26] Newman, _Grammar of Assent_, p. 72. A "Law of Nature," as has already been said, is simply a statement of what _de facto_ has always been found to occur under certain conditions, and may consequently be expected again. It is obvious however that such expectation is implicitly based on the existence of some cause capable of ensuring the result. [27] "The Teaching of Natural Philosophy," _Contemporary Review_, Jan., 1878. [28] _Lay Sermons_, p. 83. [29] _Riddle of the Universe_, p. 6. [30] See Wasmann "Gedanken zur Entwicklungslehre," _Stimmen aus Maria-Laach_, vol. 63, p. 298. [31] _Contemporary Review_, ut sup., p. 301. [32] Professor Weldon, F.R.S., in the _Dictionary of National Biography_. [33] _Collected Essays_, v. 41. [34] _Riddle of the Universe_, p. 75. [35] Professor Garnett in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_. By "Force" is understood "any cause which tends to alter a body's natural state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line." Of the nature of such causes science professes to know very little, and as Clerk-Maxwell, who knew as much as most men, sang apropos of a lecture of Professor Tait's: ... Tait writes in lucid symbols clear one small equation; And Force becomes of Energy a mere space-variation. [36] Balfour Stewart, _Conservation of Energy_, § 115; by Clerk-Maxwell, _apud_ Garnett, _ut sup._ [37] Tyndall, _Fragments of Science_, 5th Edition, p. 23. [38] _Conservation of Energy_, § 209. [39] Sir William Thomson, now Lord Kelvin. [40] March 29, 1888. [41] So of another effort in the same direction Capt. Hutton tells us: "The last champion in the field is Professor A. W. Bickerton, who thinks he has found a way in which this dismal conclusion, as he considers it, may be averted. But he is not very sure about it, and has to assume: first, that space contains now and always will contain, a large quantity of cosmic dust scattered through it with some approach to uniformity; and secondly, that the Universe consists of an infinite number of what he calls 'cosmic systems,' travelling through space, constantly throwing off dust in all directions and occasionally colliding. As all this is pure assumption and highly improbable, I cannot think that Professor Bickerton has brought forward any serious objection to the theory of the dissipation of energy, and his hypothesis must be added to the list of failures." (_Lesson of Evolution_, p. 14, _n._) [42] _Lesson of Evolution_, p. 14. [43] _Darwin and after Darwin_, p. 17. [44] _Riddle of the Universe_, p. 64. [45] _Über die Grenzen der Naturerkennens: Die Sieben Welträthsel_, Leipzic, 1882. [46] _Riddle of the Universe_, p. 64. [47] Du Bois-Reymond does not say that they are soluble, but only that he cannot pronounce them "transcendental."