[48] Samuel Laing, _Modern Science and Modern Thought_, Cheap Edition, p. 19. [49] _Riddle of the Universe_, p. 86. [50] _Ibid._ [51] P. 78. [52] P. 64. [53] _Origin of the Laws of Nature_, p. 23. [54] _Belfast Address_, 1874. [55] _Lay Sermons._ "On the Physical Basis of Life," p. 143. [56] Professor Tait, _Properties of Matter_, § 108. [57] _Contemporary Review_, January, 1878, p. 301. [58] _Story of Creation_, p. 11. [59] _Edinburgh Review_, October, 1903, p. 399. [60] Or "primal stuff." This looks remarkably like the old _Materia Prima_ of the Schoolmen translated into Greek. [61] _Ibid._ _The Revelations of Radium._ [62] _Ibid._, p. 398. {_Note._--It is often assumed that the composite character of the atom--if fully established--must upset the Atomic Theory. This is not so; all that the new hypothesis does is to go further back in accounting for the Atomic Theory, and for all practical purposes things remain exactly as they were; except, indeed, that the dissolution of matter does away with what was held as one of the most assured conclusions of science.} [63] The Nebular Hypothesis itself is, of course, far from being an established certainty, and is not devoid of grave difficulties. Into these, however, it is not necessary now to enter. [64] _Apud_ Gaynor, _The New Materialism_, p. 83. [65] _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, "Biology." [66] _Apud_ Gaynor, p. 84. [67] Professor Marsh. [68] Professor Dewar at Belfast, 1902. [69] _Recent Advances in Physical Science_, 3rd Edition, p. 6. [70] Gaynor, p. 102. [71] _Lay Sermons_, p. 18. [72] _Critiques and Addresses_, p. 305. [73] Being the year in which this passage was written. [74] Viz. that of the derivation of life from life alone, as opposed to _Abiogenesis_, or its production from lifeless matter. [75] See _Fragments of Science_, "Spontaneous Generation," for a full account. [76] March 18, 1863. _Life and Letters_, i. 352. [77] April 30, 1870. _Ibid._ ii. 17. [78] _Critiques and Addresses_, p. 238. [79] _Lay Sermons_, p. 18. [80] _Evolution and the Origin of Life_, 1874, p. 23. [81] _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, "Biology." [82] _Fragments of Science._ "Rev. James Martineau and Belfast Address." [83] _Ibid._ "Scientific use of the imagination." [84] _Fragments of Science_, "Spontaneous Generation." [85] _Ibid._ "Rev. James Martineau and Belfast Address." [86] _Ibid._ "Vitality." [87] _Nineteenth Century_, May, 1886, p. 769. [88] Italics mine. [89] It has been established by Pasteur and others that the highest temperature at which organic life is possible is 45° _Centigrade_ (113° _Fahrenheit_). When the globe had cooled to this point from its primitive molten condition, the epoch of terrestrial life commenced.