The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and BabyloniaPinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Religion
The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia
Pinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
Such are the last verses of the first tablet of the so-called story of the
Creation as known to the Babylonians, and though it would be better named
if called the Story of Bêl and the Dragon, the references to the creation
of the world that are made therein prevent the name from being absolutely
incorrect, and it may, therefore, serve, along with the more correct one,
to designate it still. As will be gathered from the above, the whole story
centres in the wish of the goddess of the powers of evil to get
creation—the production of all that is in the world—into her own hands. In
this she is aided by certain gods, over whom she sets one, Kingu, her
husband, as chief. In the preparations that she makes she exercises her
creative powers to produce all kinds of dreadful monsters to help her
against the gods whom she wishes to overthrow, and the full and vigorous
description of her defenders, created by her own hands, adds much to the
charm of the narrative, and shows well what the Babylonian scribes were
capable of in this class of record.
The first tablet breaks off after the speech of Tiamtu to her husband
Kingu. The second one begins by stating how Aa or Ea heard of the plot of
Tiamtu and her followers against the gods of heaven. When his first wrath
on account of this had somewhat abated, he went and related the whole, in
practically the same words as the story is given on the two foregoing
pages, to Anšar, his father, who in his turn became filled with rage,
biting his lips, and uttering cries of deepest grief. In the mutilated
lines which follow Apsû’s subjugation seems to be referred to. After this
is another considerable gap, and then comes the statement that Anšar
applied to his son Anu, “the mighty and brave, whose power is great, whose
attack irresistible,” saying that if he will only speak to her, the great
Dragon’s anger will be calmed and her rage disappear.
“(Anu heard) the words of his father Anšar,
(Took the ro)ad towards her, and descended by her path,
Anu (went),—he examined Tiamtu’s lair, and
(Not having power to resist her?), turned back.”
How the god excused himself to his father Anšar on account of his
ignominious flight we do not know, the record being again defective at
this point. With the same want of success the god Anšar then, as we learn
from another part of the narrative, applied to the god Nudimmud, a deity
who is explained in the inscriptions as being the same as the god Aa or
Ea, but whom Professor Delitzsch is rather inclined to regard as one of
the forms of Bêl.
In the end the god Merodach, the son of Aa, was asked to be the champion
of the gods against the great emblem of the powers of evil, the Dragon of
Chaos. To become, by this means, the saviour of the universe, was
apparently just what the patron-god of the city of Babylon desired, for he
seems immediately to have accepted the task of destroying the hated
Dragon—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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