The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and BabyloniaPinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Religion
The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia
Pinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
“Month Iyyar, day 18th, second year after the completion (?) of the temple
of Bêl.”
Where the division of the property and the drawing up of the tablets took
place is uncertain, there being in the documents translated above no
indication. In the case of the three brothers Urra-kaminiši, Riš-Urra, and
Buria, the declaration of the division of the property which they
inherited, and possibly the drawing up of their respective tablets as
well, took place in the Beth-el (_bêt îli_) of the city, where legal
matters were often transacted. Whether this Beth-el was the temple of the
Sun and the Moon, where solemn contracts were also made, is uncertain, but
not improbable.
It is noteworthy that there is sometimes a statement indicating that the
inheritors chose their lots—
“1 ŠAR, a dwelling-house beside the house of Belaqu, and beside
Awel-Nannara, is the share of Erištum, the sodomite, daughter of
Ribam-îli, which she has shared with Amat-Šamaš, the priestess of the sun,
her sister. The division is complete. From the word to the gold they shall
not bring claim against each other. Choice of Amat-Šamaš, her sister. (The
envelope has: Her choice—the place (which seems) good unto her she will
give.) (They have invoked) the spirit of Šamaš, Merodach, Sin-mubaliṭ (the
king), and the city of Sippar.”
Here follow the names of eighteen witnesses, all of them, apparently, men.
Another tablet, referring to the sharing of property, shows how brothers
sometimes cared for their sister, all the property (at least in this case)
being in their hands—
“Tablet (referring to) 1 GAN, a field in the _karê_, beside (the field of)
Aḫi-daani (?) and Enkim-îlu, Kiš-nunu, Imgurrum, and Ilu-abi, her
brothers, have given to Ḫudultum, daughter of Inib-nunu, as her share.
“Before Mašpirum (var. Mašparum), son of Ušlu-rum; before Bûr-ya, son of
Munawirum; before Ḫayâbum, (before) Kiranum (?), sons of Sin-ennam; before
Sin-naṣir.
“Year Sumulel the king built the wall of Sippar.”
Thus, in varying ways, did the ancient Babylonians live and wed, adopt
children and inherit. Other incidents were there in their lives also, as
when a man divorced his wife—an unpleasant experience for them both, in
all probability—though often enough this must have taken place to the
great joy of one or the other, or possibly of both, for it must have been
a much less solemn thing with them than with us—the marriage tie. It is
gratifying to know that documents referring to divorce are comparatively
rare, though they are to be met with sometimes, as the following text
shows—
“Šamaš-rabi has divorced Naramtum his wife. She has taken away her
property (?) and received her portion (as a woman divorced). (If) Naramtum
wed another, Šamaš-rabi shall not bring action against her. They have
invoked the spirit of Šamaš, Aa, Marduk, and Sin-mubaliṭ.”
(Here follow the names of ten witnesses.)
“Year of Šamaš and Rimmon.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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