The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and BabyloniaPinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Religion
The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia
Pinches, Theophilus G. (Theophilus Goldridge)
Bible. Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
In addition to the god Sin, the above extract refers to the deity known as
Nusku, as being venerated there. That this was the case, is confirmed by
several inscriptions of the time of Aššur-banî-âpli, who seems to have
restored his temple. This fane, which the Assyrian king is said to have
made to shine like the day, was called Ê-melam-anna, “the temple of the
glory of heaven,” and the presence of its name in a list of the temples of
Babylonia and Assyria testifies to its importance.
The temple of Sin or Nannaru, as we learn from the inscriptions of
Nabonidus, was called Ê-ḫulḫul, “the temple of (great) joy.” The fane
having been destroyed by the Medes, Nabonidus received, in a dream,
command to rebuild it, and it is interesting to learn that, when the work
was in progress, the records which Aššur-banî-âpli had placed there,
according to custom, when restoring it, came to light. The letter of which
an extract is given above was probably written to the Assyrian king upon
this occasion.
So renowned was the place as a centre of heathen worship, that at a
comparatively late date—running far into the Christian era, namely, the
fifth century A.D.—the worship of heathen deities was still in full
progress there, though the god Sin had fallen, to all appearance, somewhat
into the background, and Bel-shamin, “the lord of the heavens,” _i.e._ the
Sun-god, generally known as Shamash or Samas, and called later on by the
Greek name of Helios, had taken his place. They also worshipped a goddess
called Gadlat, generally identified with the Babylonian goddess Gula, and
Atargatis, the feminine counterpart of Hadad, whose name is often found in
Aramean inscriptions under the form of ’Atar-’ata.(40) This goddess is
called Derketo(41) by Ktesias, and appears as Tar-’ata in Syriac and in
the Talmud. According to Baethgen, Atargatis, or, better, Attargatis, was
a double divinity, composed of Ištar and ’Ata or ’Atta (Attes). In
consequence of the worship of the sun, the moon, and the planet Venus
(’Atar = Ištar), a second centre of the worship denominated Sabean (which
originated in south-west Arabia, the country of the Sabeans) was founded
in Haran, where its devotees are said to have had a chapel dedicated to
Abraham, whose renown had, to all appearance, brought to his memory the
great honour of deification.
It was after a long sojourn at Haran that Abraham set out for his journey
westwards, the patriarch being no less than seventy-five years old when he
left that city. The next episode in his life was his journey, in obedience
to the call which he had received, to Canaan, going first to Shechem,
“unto the oak (terebinth) of Moreh,” afterwards to the mountain on the
east of Bethel, and thence, later, towards the south. A famine caused him
to continue his travels as far as Egypt, where the incident of Sarai being
taken from him, in consequence of the deceit practised by him in
describing her as his sister, took place.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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