"Shack" of a Polish Iron Miner, Hibbing, Minn. 211 Cabin of an Austrian Iron Miner, Virginia, Minn. 211 Immigrant Girls Coming to Work in the Early Morning at the Union Stockyards 217 Polish Girls Washing Dishes Under the Sidewalk in a Chicago Restaurant 217 Roumanian Shepherds in Native Costume, Ellis Island 224 Distribution of Foreign-born Whites in the United States--1910 241 Dependent Italian Family, Cleveland 248 Dependent Slovak Family, Cleveland 248 Italian Men's Civic Club, Rochester, N. Y. 257 A Civic Banquet to "New Citizens," July 4th 268 Y. M. C. A. Class of Slovenes in English Visiting a Session of the City Council of Cleveland 277 Class of Foreign-born Women (Carinthians) at the Cleveland Hardware Co., Cleveland, O., Meeting for Instruction in English in the Factory, Twice a Week from 5 to 6.30 277 Distribution of Foreign Stock in the United States--1910 284 Distribution of Native White Stock in the United States--1910 301 THE OLD WORLD IN THE NEW THE OLD WORLD IN THE NEW CHAPTER I THE ORIGINAL MAKE-UP OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE "God sifted a whole nation that He might send choice grain into the wilderness." So thought the seventeenth century of the migration to Massachusetts Bay in the evil years of Charles I; but what are _we_ to think of it? There is to-day so little sympathy with that remote, narrow New England theocracy that it is well to state again in living terms what part the coming of the best of the English Puritans bore in building up the American people. As history makers, those who will suffer loss and exile rather than give up an ideal that has somehow taken hold of them are well nigh as unlike ordinary folk as if they had dropped from Mars. In every generation those who are capable of heroic devotion to any ideal whatsoever are only a remnant. Nine persons out of ten incline to the line of least resistance or of greatest profit, and will no more sacrifice themselves for an ideal than lead will turn to a magnet.