The Oldest Code of Laws in the World: The code of laws promulgated by Hammurabi, King of Babylon, B.C. 2285-2242Hammurabi, King of Babylonia
History
The Oldest Code of Laws in the World: The code of laws promulgated by Hammurabi, King of Babylon, B.C. 2285-2242
Hammurabi, King of Babylonia
Law -- Iraq -- Babylonia -- Sources
The judgements of righteousness which Hammurabi the mighty king confirmed
and caused the land to take a sure guidance and a gracious rule.
The following three sections, which are known to belong to the Code from
copies made for an Assyrian king in the seventh century B.C., are given
here for the sake of completeness. They obviously come within the space
once occupied by the five erased columns.
section X. If a man has taken money from a merchant and has given a
plantation of dates to the merchant, has said to him, 'The dates that are
in my plantation take for thy money,' that merchant shall not agree, the
dates that are in the plantation the owner of the plantation shall take,
and he shall answer to the merchant for the money and its interests
according to the tenour of his bond. The dates that are over, which are
in the plantation, the owner of the plantation shall take forsooth.
section Y. . . . the man dwelling (in the house) has given to the owner
(of the house) the money of its rent in full for the year, the owner of
the house has ordered the dweller to go out when his days are not full,
the owner of the house, because he has ordered the dweller to leave when
his days are not full, (shall give) of the money which the dweller gave
him. . . .
section Z. If a man has to pay, in money or corn, but has not money or
corn to pay with, but has goods, whatever is in his hands, before
witnesses, according to what he has brought, he shall give to his
merchant. The merchant shall not object, he shall receive it.
INDEX
_The numbers refer to the sections of the Code_.
Abatement, of rent, for loss of crop, 45, 46.
of interest, 48.
Accidental loss, by storm or deluge, falls on tenant, 45.
shared by landlord, if before rent is paid, 46.
by drought, storm, or deluge, postpones payment of debt, 48.
Adjournment, for production of witnesses, 13.
not to exceed six months, 13.
Adoption, of natural son, 185.
of child of living parents, 186.
parents may object, 186.
votary or palace official cannot object, 187.
by artisan, 188.
no one can reclaim child, if he has been taught handicraft, 188.
otherwise can be reclaimed, 189.
adopted son must be formally acknowledged, 190.
if not, returns to real parents on death of adoptive father, 190.
adopted son cannot be cut off without legal process, 191.
has one-third child's share, 191.
but no part of estate, 191.
repudiation by adopted son severely punished, 192 ff.
Adultery, 129.
penalty, drowning, 129.
Agent, relation to principal or merchant--
must keep accounts, 100.
of money received, 100.
of interest due, 100.
if unsuccessful, repays capital only, 101.
if a loser, repays capital in full, 102.
if robbed, can be excused payment, 103.
must keep account of goods, 104.
stating money value, 104.
take inventory, 104.
give receipt, 104.
pays threefold for his defaults, 106.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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