In effective speaking or reading, _with respect to the abruptness and rapidity of expiration there are three modes of utterance_: the =effusive=, by which the voice is poured forth smoothly and equably, the =expulsive= and the =explosive=. Of these three modes the effusive is by far the most important, but the others, and especially the expulsive, have their uses also. These modes will be illustrated in the following exercise: EXERCISE.--1. After a full and deliberate inspiration let the expiration of the element _h_ be gently effected, until the lungs are exhausted--the aspiration coming from the very depths of the throat. Let this be repeated with the syllable _haeh_, audibly whispered. This is _effusive_ utterance. 2. After a full and deliberate inspiration let the expiration of the element _h_ be suddenly effected, the expiration being continued until the whispering sound vanishes in the bottom of the throat. Let this be repeated with the syllable _haeh_, audibly whispered. This is _expulsive_ utterance. 3. Let the exercise be the same as in (2) except that the expiration is to be much more forcibly effected, and completed almost instantaneously. This is _explosive_ utterance. In the cultivation of the voice either one of two ends is generally kept in view--its improvement for speaking or its improvement for singing; but progress may be made towards both ends by the same study, and those exercises which benefit the singing voice benefit the speaking voice, and _vice versa_. _The distinction between speaking tones and singing tones should be clearly understood._ Musical tones are produced by isochronous (equal-timed) vibrations of the vocal organs continued for some length of time. Hence, a musical tone is a _note_, which may be prolonged at will without varying in pitch, either up or down. A speaking tone, on the contrary, is produced by vibrations which are not isochronous; it is not a _note_, properly so called, and can not be prolonged, without varying in pitch. Musical tones are _discrete_,--the voice passes from pitch to pitch through the intervals silently. In speaking, _every_ tone, however short the time taken in uttering it, passes from one pitch to some other through an interval _concretely_, that is, with continuous vocality; though, with respect to one another, speech syllables, like notes in music, are discrete. This may be exemplified by uttering the words, "_Where are you going?_" In singing these words, they may be uttered on the same note, or on different notes, or, indeed, with different notes for the same word; but the voice _skips_ from note to note through the intervals. In speaking the words, each is uttered with an inflection or intonation in which the voice varies in pitch, but passes through the interval concretely; the separate words, however, and the separate syllables (if there were any) being uttered discretely. Musical utterance might be graphically