Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net THE OPERA A Sketch of the Development of Opera. With full Descriptions of all Works in the Modern Repertory. BY R.A. STREATFEILD WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY J.A. FULLER-MAITLAND _THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED_ LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LIMITED PHILADELPHIA: J.B. LIPPINCOTT CO. CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE INTRODUCTION vii I. THE BEGINNINGS OF OPERA 1 PERI--MONTEVERDE--CAVALLI--CESTI--CAMBERT--LULLI--PURCELL-- KEISER--SCARLATTI--HANDEL II. THE REFORMS OF GLUCK 19 III. OPERA BUFFA, OPERA COMIQUE, AND SINGSPIEL 40 PERGOLESI--ROUSSEAU--MONSIGNY--GRETRY--CIMAROSA--HILLER IV. MOZART 52 V. THE CLOSE OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 74 MEHUL--CHERUBINI--SPONTINI--BEETHOVEN--BOIELDIEU VI. WEBER AND THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL 87 WEBER--SPOHR--MARSCHNER--KREUTZER--LORTZING--NICOLAI--FLOTOW-- MENDELSSOHN--SCHUBERT--SCHUMANN VII. ROSSINI, DONIZETTI, AND BELLINI 106 VIII. MEYERBEER AND FRENCH OPERA 126 HEROLD--MEYERBEER--BERLIOZ--HALEVY--AUBER IX. WAGNER'S EARLY WORKS 151 X. WAGNER'S LATER WORKS 176 XL. MODERN FRANCE 214 GOUNOD--THOMAS--BIZET--SAINT SAENS--REYER---MASSENET--BRUNEAU-- CHARPENTIER--DEBUSSY XII. MODERN ITALY 262 VERDI--BOITO--PONCHIELLI--PUCCINI--MASCAGNI--LEONCAVALLO--GIORDANO XIII. MODERN GERMAN AND SLAVONIC OPERA 302 CORNELIUS--GOETZ---GOLDMARK--HUMPERDINCK--STRAUSS--SMETANA-- GLINKA--PADEREWSKI XIV. ENGLISH OPERA 323 BALFE--WALLACE--BENEDICT--GORING THOMAS--MACKENZIE--STANFORD-- SULLIVAN--SMYTH INDEX OF OPERAS 351 INDEX OF COMPOSERS 361 INTRODUCTION