Northwest boundary of the United States; Oregon question
It is impossible to draw any inference respecting Treasury Notes, from
what took place in the United States during the confused state of the
currency in the years 1815 and 1816. The taxes were paid everywhere with
the cheapest local currency, in Treasury Notes only in the places where
specie payments had been continued, or where bank notes were nearly at
par. The depreciation of the Treasury Notes was arrested by the fact,
that they might at all times be converted into a six or seven per cent.
stock; but in that case they became assimilated to a direct loan. They
never can become a general currency, on account of their varying value,
so long as they bear an interest and are made payable at some future
day. In order to give them that character, they should assume that of
bank notes, bearing no interest and payable on demand. It does not
require the gift of prophecy to be able to assert that, as the wants of
Government increased, such notes would degenerate into paper money to
the utter ruin of the public credit.
They may, however, be made a special currency for the purpose of paying
taxes as gold and silver, and to the exclusion of any other species of
paper currency. The amount which might be thus kept in circulation, in
addition to that wanted for short investments, would be limited by the
gross amount of the annual revenue, and bear but a small proportion to
it; since one thousand dollars, in silver or in any paper currency, are
sufficient to effect in one year fifty payments of the same amount.
Although the amount kept in circulation may fluctuate according to
circumstances, the fundamental principle is, that the issue of such
notes is an anticipation of the revenue, which, after it has reached the
maximum that may be kept in circulation without being depreciated, never
can be increased. Be the amount ten or twenty millions, the anticipation
may be continued, but not renewed; it is not an annual resource, but
one, the whole amount of which never can exceed that which may be kept
in circulation. The operation consists in re-issuing annually the
amount which is paid off in the year. Whenever, owing to incidental
fluctuations, the amount to be redeemed by the Treasury exceeds that
which may be re-issued, the difference must be immediately funded at the
market price of the notes, so as to keep them always at par or a little
above par.
It is evident, that if the direct tax and internal duties laid in
August, 1813, had been imposed in July, 1812; and if the acts of
January, 1815, which increased both, had been enacted in August, 1813;
there would have been an addition of at least eight millions to the
revenue of the years 1812 and 1813; the Treasury Notes which had become
due would have been paid, public credit would have been maintained, and
the amount of war loans lessened.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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