The organisation of thought, educational and scientificWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
The organisation of thought, educational and scientific
Whitehead, Alfred North
Education
If this course be followed, the route from Chaucer to the Black Death,
from the Black Death to modern Labour troubles, will connect the tales
of the mediæval pilgrims with the abstract science of algebra, both
yielding diverse aspects of that single theme, Life. I know what most
of you are thinking at this point. It is that the exact course which
I have sketched out is not the particular one which you would have
chosen, or even see how to work. I quite agree. I am not claiming that
I could do it myself. But your objection is the precise reason why a
common external examination system is fatal to education. The process
of exhibiting the applications of knowledge must, for its success,
essentially depend on the character of the pupils and the genius of the
teacher. Of course I have left out the easiest applications with which
most of us are more at home. I mean the quantitative sides of sciences,
such as mechanics and physics.
My meaning can be illustrated by looking more closely into a special
case of this type of application. In my rough catalogue of the sort
of subjects which should form the schedule for algebra, I mentioned
Elimination. It was not put there by accident, for it covers a very
important body of thought.
In the first place, there is the abstract process of algebraic
elimination for suitable simple cases. The pupil acquires a firm grasp
of this by the process, inevitable in education, of working an adequate
number of examples. Again, there are the graphical solutions of the
same problem. Then we consider the significance in the external world.
We consider the velocity, time, space, acceleration diagrams. We take
uniform acceleration; we eliminate "_t_" between
_v_ = _u_ + _ƒt_, and _s_ = _ut_ + ½_ƒt_^2,
and eliminate "_s_" between
_v_^2 = _u_^2 + 2_ƒs_, and _s_ = _ut_ + ½_ƒt_^2.
Then we remember that constant acceleration is a very special case,
and we consider graphical solutions or empirically given variations of
_v_ or of _ƒ_. In preference, we use those empirical formulæ
which occur in the pupil's experimental work. We compare the strong and
weak points of the algebraic and graphical solutions.
Again, in the same connection we plot the statistics of social
phenomena against the time. We then eliminate the time between suitable
pairs. We can speculate how far we have exhibited a real casual
connection, or how far a mere temporal coincidence. We notice that
we might have plotted against the time one set of statistics for one
country and another set for another country, and thus, with suitable
choice of subjects, have obtained graphs which certainly exhibited mere
coincidence. Also other graphs exhibit obvious casual connections. We
wonder how to discriminate. And so are drawn on as far as we will.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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