BIBLIOGRAPHY: Lafaye, _Histoire du culte des divinites d'Alexandrie hors de l'Egypte_, Paris, 1884, and article "Isis" in Daremberg and Saglio, _Dictionn. des antiquites_, III, 1899, {229} where may be found (p. 586) an index of the earlier works.--Drexler, art. "Isis" in Roscher, _Lexikon der Mythol._, II, p. 373-548.--Reville, _op. cit._, pp. 54 ff.--Wissowa, _op. cit._, pp. 292 ff.--Dill, _op. cit._, pp. 560 ff.--Gruppe, _Griechische Mythologie und Religionsgesch._, pp. 1563-1581 (published after the revision of this chapter).--The study of the Roman cult of the Alexandrian gods is inseparable from that of the Egyptian religion. It would be impossible to furnish a bibliography of the latter here. We shall only refer the reader to the general works of Maspero, _Etudes de Mythologie_, 4 vols., Paris, 1893, and _Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient_, 1895 (_passim_).--Wiedemann, _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, London, 1897 [cf. Hastings, _Dictionary of the Bible_, "Religion of Egypt," V, pp. 177-197].--Erman, _Die aegyptische Religion_, Berlin, 1910.--Naville, _La religion des anciens Egyptiens_ (six lectures delivered at the College de France), 1906.--W. Otto, _Priester und Tempel im hellenistischen Aegypten_, 2 vols., 1905, 1908.--The publication of a _Bulletin critique des religions de l'Egypte_ by Jean Capart, begun in the _Rev. de l'hist. des religions_ (LI, 1905, pp. 192 ff.; LIII, 1906, pp. 307 ff.; 1909, pp. 162 ff.). 1. Cf. on this controversy Bouche-Leclercq, _Histoire des Lagides_, I, p. 102; S. Reinach, _Cultes, Mythes et Religions_, II, pp. 347 f.; Lehmann, _Beitraege zur alten Geschichte_, IV, 1904, pp. 396 ff.; Wilcken, _Archiv f. Papyrusforschung_, III, 1904, pp. 249 ff.; Otto, _Priester und Tempel_, I, 1905, pp. 11 ff.; Gruppe, loc. cit., pp. 1578 ff.; Petersen, _Die Serapislegende_, 1910, pp. 47 ff.; Schmidt, _Kultuebertragungen_, 1910, pp. 47 ff. 2. Herodotus, II, 42, 171.--Cf. n. 4. 3. AElius Aristides, VIII, 56 (I, p. 96, ed. Dindorf). Cf. Plut., _De Iside et Osiride_, ed. Parthey, p. 216. 4. Plut., _De Is. et Osir._, 28; cf. Otto, _Priester und Tempel_, II, pp. 215 ff.--This Timotheus is undoubtedly the same one that wrote about the Phrygian mysteries; see _infra_, n. 79.--The question, to what extent the Hellenistic cult had the form ascribed to it by Plutarch and Apuleius immediately after its creation, is still unsettled; see Otto, _Priester und Tempel_, II, p. 222. We do not appear to have any direct proof of the existence of "mysteries" of Isis and Serapis {230} prior to the Empire, but all probabilities are in favor of a more ancient origin, and the mysteries were undoubtedly connected with the ancient Egyptian esoterism.--See _infra_, n. 78.