The Oriental Religions in Roman PaganismCumont, Franz
Religion
The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism
Cumont, Franz
Paganism -- Rome; Religions; Rome -- Religion
[Greek: Hos pou eti kai nun en tei anoixei tou hagiou Sarapidos he
therapeia dia puros kai hudatos ginetai, leibontos tou humnodou to hudor
kai to pur phainontos, hopenika hestos epi tou oudou tei patrioi ton
Aiguption phonei egeirei ton theon].
Arnobius (VII, 32) alludes to the same belief of the votaries of Isis:
"Quid sibi volunt excitationes illae quas canitis matutini conlatis ad
tibiam vocibus? Obdormiscunt enim superi remeare ut ad vigilias debeant?
Quid dormitiones illae quibus ut bene valeant auspicabili salutatione
mandatis?"
66. On the power of "barbarian names" see my _Mon. myst. Mithra_, I, p.
313, n. 4; Dieterich, _Mithrasliturgie_, pp. III ff. Cf. Charles Michel,
_Note sur un passage de Jamblique_ (Melanges, Louis Havet), 1909, p.
279.--On the persistence of the same idea among the Christians, cf.
Harnack, _Ausbreitung des Christ._, I, pp. 124 ff.; Heitmueller, _Im Namen
Jesu_, Goettingen, 1903 (rich material).
67. Apul., _Met._, XI, 9.
68. _CIL_, II, 3386 = Dessau, _Inscr. sel._, 442; cf. 4423.
69. Apul., XI, 24; cf. Lafaye, pp. 118 ff. Porphyry (_De Abstin._, IV, 6)
dwells at length on this contemplative character of the Egyptian devotion:
The priests [Greek: apedosan holon ton bion tei ton theon theoriai kai
theasei].
70. In the Pharaonic ritual the closing ceremony seems to have taken place
during the morning, but in the Occident the sacred images were exposed for
contemplation, and the {237} ancient Egyptian service must, therefore, have
been divided into two ceremonies.
71. Herodotus, II, 37.
72. Cf. Maspero, _Rev. critique_, 1905, II, p. 361 ff.
73. Apul., _Metam._, XI, 7 ff.--This festival seems to have persisted at
Catana in the worship of Saint Agatha; cf. _Analecta Bollandiana_, XXV,
1906, p. 509.
74. Similar masquerades are found in a number of pagan cults (_Mon. myst.
Mithra_, I, p. 315), and from very early times they were seen in Egypt; see
von Bissing, _loc. cit._, n. 58, p. 228.
75. The _pausarii_ are mentioned in the inscriptions; cf. Dessau, _Inscr.
sel._, 4353, 4445.
76. Schaefer, _Die Mysterien des Osiris in Abydos unter Sesostris III_,
Leipsic, 1904; cf. Capart, _Rev. hist, relig._, LI, 1905, p. 229, and
Wiedemann, _Melanges Nicole_, pp. 574 ff. Junker, "Die Stundenwachen in den
Osirismysterien" (_Denkschrift Akad. Wien_, LIV) 1910.
77. In the Abydos mysteries, the god Thoth set out in a boat to seek the
body of Osiris. Elsewhere it was Isis who sailed out in quest of it. We do
not know whether this scene was played at Rome; but it certainly was played
at Gallipoli where make-believe fishermen handled the nets in a
make-believe Nile; cf. P. Foucart, _Rech. sur les myst. d'Eleusis_ (_Mem.
Acad. Inscr._, XXXV), p. 37.
78. Cheremon in Porphyry, _Epist. ad Aneb._, 31:
[Greek: Kai ta krupta tes Isidos epainei kai to en Abudoi aporreton
deixei].
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