70. On the worship of Baalsamin, confused with Ahura-Mazda and transformed into _Caelus_, see _Mon. myst. Mithra_, p. 87.--The texts attesting the existence of a real cult of {257} heaven among the Semites are very numerous. Besides the ones I have gathered (_loc. cit._, n. 5); see Conybeare, _Philo about the Contemplative Life_, p. 33, n. 16; Kayser, _Das Buch der Erkenntniss der Wahrheit_, 1893, p. 337, and _infra_, n. 75. Zeus [Greek: Ouranios]: Le Bas-Waddington, 2720 _a_ (Baal of Betocece); Renan, _Mission de Phenicie_, p. 103.--Cf. _Archiv fuer Religionswissenschaft_, IX, 1906, p. 333. 71. Coins of Antiochus VIII Grypus (125-96 B. C.); Babelon, _Rois de Syrie, d'Armenie_, 1890, p. CLIV, pp. 178 ff. 72. All these qualities ascribed to the Baals by astrological paganism ([Greek: hupsistos, pantokrator], etc.), are also the attributes which, according to the doctrine of Alexandrian Judaism, characterized Jehovah (see _supra_, n. 66). If he was originally a god of thunder, as has been maintained, the evolution of the Jewish theology was parallel to that of the pagan conceptions (see _supra_, n. 69). 73. On this subject cf. _Jupiter summus exsuperantissimus_ (_Archiv f. Religionsw._, IX), 1906, pp. 326 ff. 74. Ps.-Iamblichus, _De mysteriis_, VI, 7 (cf. Porph., _Epist. Aneb._, c. 29), notes this difference between the two religions. 75. Apul., _Met._, VIII, 25. Cf. _CIL_, III, 1090; XII, 1227 (= Dessau, 2998, 4333); Macrobius, _Comm. somn. Scipionis_, I, 14, Sec. 2: "Nihil aliud esse deum nisi caelum ipsum et caelestia ipsa quae cernimus, ideo ut summi omnipotentiam dei ostenderet posse vix intellegi."--[Greek: Helios pantokratos]: Macrob., I, 23, 21. 76. Diodorus, II, 30: [Greek: Chaldaioi ten tou kosmou phusin aidion phasin einai k. t. l.]; cf. Cicero, _Nat. deor._, II, 20, Sec. 52 ff.; Pliny, _H. N._, II, 8, Sec. 30. The notion of eternity was correlative with that of [Greek: heimarmene]; cf. Ps.-Apul., _Asclep._, 40; Apul., _De deo Socratis_, c. 2: "(The planets) quae in deflexo cursu ... meatus aeternos divinis vicibus efficiunt."--This subject will be more fully treated in my lectures on "Astrology and Religion" (chaps. IV-V). 77. At Palmyra: De Voguee, _Inscr. sem._, pp. 53 ff., etc.--On the first title, see _infra_, n. 80. 78. Note especially _CIL_, VI, 406 = 30758, where Jupiter Dolichenus is called _Aeternus conservator totius poli_. The {258} relation to heaven here remained apparent. See _Somn. Scip._, III, 4; IV, 3. 79. Cf. _Rev. archeol._, 1888, I, pp. 184 ff.; Pauly-Wissowa, s. v. "Aeternus," and _Festschrift fuer Otto Benndorf_, 1898, p. 291.--The idea of the eternity of the gods also appeared very early in Egypt, but it does not seem that the mysteries of Isis--in which the death of Osiris was commemorated--made it prominent, and it certainly was spread in the Occident only by the sidereal cults.