Eight years after (1860) when the second census was made, according to the declarations made for the payment of the Direct Contribution, there were 6,159,909 animals--that is to say: 3,632,203 cattle, 518,208 horses, 8,301 asses and mules, 1,939,929 sheep, 5,831 pigs, and 5,437 goats. In 1886, when the farmers had still to pay the tax, according to the declarations, there were 23,967,263 animals--6,254,490 cattle, 17,245,977 sheep, 442,525 horses, 7,032 mules, 5,405 goats and 11,833 pigs. These last figures, if compared with the former ones, prove an increase of 2,301,733 animals, or 59.65 per cent. over 1852, in favor of 1860; and of 20,109,087 animals, or 21.20 per cent. over 1852, in favor of 1886. This increase could produce itself, notwithstanding the great quantity of animals killed every year for consumption, slaughter of the _Saladeros_ and exportation of live stock, which represent considerable quantities. If we bear in mind the increase that corresponds to every kind of live stock in these last years, and the quantities of animals possessed by many thousands of inhabitants who do not pay any tax for them, it may be said that the number of live stock and the value it represents in the Republic is more or less, as follows: Cattle alone for breeding, and young bulls ($6.00 each) 8,000,000 $48,000,000 Oxen ($15.00 each) 690,000 10,350,000 Horses ($6.00 each) 599,000 3,594,000 Asses and mules ($12.00 each) 11,000 132,000 Sheep ($0.60 each) 23,000,000 13,800,000 Goats ($1.00 each) 24,000 24,000 Pigs ($6.00 each) 23,000 138,000 ---------- ----------- Animals 32,347,000 $73,038,000 If we distribute the 32,347,000 of live stock of all kinds over the 186,920 kilometres which is the total superficies of the Republic, we find for each square kilometre 173.05 animals; if we distribute them among the 708,168 inhabitants, we find that 45.67 animals of all kinds correspond to each inhabitant. As regards the value represented by live stock and corresponding to each inhabitant, we find $103.13 for each. The following table shows what place the Republic occupies among other nations: