Among the African Wapokomo intention makes a difference in the revenge.[21] Among the Papuans of the Tami Islands blood-revenge is common in the case of murder, but is not exacted in the case of accidental homicide; the involuntary manslayer has only to pay a compensation and to leave the community for a certain length of time.[22] Among the Namaqua Hottentots custom demands that compensation should be accepted for unintentional killing.[23] We meet with the same principle among the Albanians[24] and the Slavs,[25] in the past history of other European peoples,[26] in ancient Yucatan,[27] and in the religious law of Muhammedanism.[28] Among the Kabyles of Algeria, "si les m[oe]urs n'autorisent jamais la famille victime d'un homicide volontaire à amnistier un crime, elles lui permettent presque toujours de pardonner la mort qui ne résulte que d'une maladresse ou d'un accident." They have a special ceremony by which the family of the deceased grant pardon to the involuntary manslayer, but the pardon must be given unanimously. The manslayer then becomes a member of the _kharuba_, or _gens_, of the deceased.[29] Among the Omahas, "when one man killed another accidentally, he was rescued by the interposition of the chiefs, and subsequently was punished as if he were a murderer, but only for a year or two."[30] The {221} ancient law of the Hebrews, which recognised the right and duty of private revenge in cases of intentional homicide, laid down special rules for homicide by misfortune. He who killed another unawares and unwittingly might flee to a city of refuge, where he was protected against the avenger of blood as long as he remained there.[31] In ancient Rome the involuntary manslayer seems to have been exposed to the blood-feud until a law attributed to Numa ordained that he should atone for the deed by providing a ram to be sacrificed in his place.[32] [Footnote 21: Kraft, in Steinmetz, _Rechtsverhältnisse_, p. 292.] [Footnote 22: Bamler, quoted by Kohler, in _Zeitschr. f. vergl. Rechtswiss._ xiv. 380.] [Footnote 23: Fritsch, _Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrika's_, p. 363.] [Footnote 24: Gop[vc]evi['c], _Oberalbanien und seine Liga_, p. 327.] [Footnote 25: Miklosich, 'Blutrache bei den Slaven,' in _Denkschriften der kaiserl. Akademie der Wissensch. Philos.-histor. Classe_, Vienna, xxxvi. 131.] [Footnote 26: Leist, _Græco-italische Rechtsgeschichte_, p. 324. _Ancient Laws of Ireland_, iii. p. cxxiv. For the ancient Teutons, see _infra_, p. 226.] [Footnote 27: de Landa, _Relacion de las cosas de Yucatan_, p. 134.] [Footnote 28: _Koran_, iv. 94. _Cf._ Sachau, _Muhammedanisches Recht nach Schafiitischer Lehre_, p. 761 _sq._] [Footnote 29: Hanoteau and Letourneux, _La Kabylie_, iii. 68 _sq._] [Footnote 30: Dorsey, 'Omaha Sociology,' in _Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethn._ iii. 370.] [Footnote 31: _Deuteronomy_, iv. 42. _Numbers_, xxxv. 11 _sqq._ _Joshua_, xx. 3 _sqq._]