Among the Káfirs of the Hindu-Kush, "murder, justifiable homicide, and killing by inadvertence in a quarrel, are all classed as one crime, and punished in the same way. Extenuating circumstances are never considered. The single question asked is, Did the man kill the other? The penalty is an extremely heavy blood-ransom to the family of the slain man, or perpetual exile combined with spoliation of the criminal's property."[16] Parkyns tells us the following story from Abyssinia:--A boy who had climbed a tree, happened to fall down right on the head of his little comrade standing below. The comrade died immediately, and the unlucky climber was in consequence sentenced to be killed in the same way as he had killed the other boy, that is, the dead boy's brother should climb the tree in his turn, and tumble down on the other's head till he killed him.[17] The Cameroon tribes do not recognise the circumstance of accidental death:--"He who kills another accidentally must die. Then, they say, the friends of each are equal mourners."[18] Among the negroes of Accra, according to Monrad, accidental homicide is punished as severely as intentional.[19] [Footnote 16: Scott Robertson, _Káfirs of the Hindu-Kush_, p. 440.] [Footnote 17: Parkyns, _Life in Abyssinia_, ii. 236 _sqq._] [Footnote 18: Richardson, 'Observations among the Cameroon Tribes of West Central Africa,' in _Memoirs of the International Congress of Anthropology_, Chicago, p. 203. See also Leuschner, in Steinmetz, _Rechtsverhältnisse_, p. 24 (Bakwiri); _ibid._ p. 51 (Banaka and Bapuku).] [Footnote 19: Monrad, _Guinea-Kysten og dens Indbyggere_, p. 88.] Yet it would obviously be a mistake to suppose that, at early stages of civilisation, people generally look only at the harm done, and not in the least at the will of him who did it. Even in the system of private redress we often {220} find a distinction made between intentional or foreseen injuries on the one hand, and unintentional and unforeseen injuries on the other. In many instances, whilst blood-revenge is taken for voluntary homicide, compensation is accepted for accidental infliction of death.[20] And sometimes the chief or the State interferes on behalf of the involuntary manslayer, protecting him from the persecutions of the dead man's family. [Footnote 20: _Cf._ Kohler, _Shakespeare vor dem Forum der Jurisprudenz_, p. 188, n. 1.]