Koran, he who kills a believer by mistake shall expiate his deed, not only by paying blood-money to the family of the dead (unless they remit it), but by setting free a believing slave; and as to him who cannot find the means, "let him fast for two consecutive months--a penance this from God."[105] [Footnote 89: _Psalms_, xix. 12.] [Footnote 90: Montefiore, _Hibbert Lectures on the Religion of the Ancient Hebrews_, p. 103. _Cf._ _ibid._ p. 515 _sq._] [Footnote 91: _Leviticus_, iv. 22 _sqq._; v. 15 _sqq._ _Numbers_, xv. 24 _sqq._] [Footnote 92: Moore, 'Sacrifice,' in Cheyne and Black, _Encyclopædia Biblica_, iv. 4205.] [Footnote 93: Montefiore, _op. cit._ p. 558.] [Footnote 94: St. Augustine, _Sermones_, clxxx. 2 (Migne, _Patrologiæ cursus_, xxxviii. 973).] [Footnote 95: Gratian, _Decretum_, ii. 22. 2. 3.] [Footnote 96: _P[oe]nitentiale Bedæ_, v. 3 (Wasserschleben, _Bussordnungen der abendländischen Kirche_, p. 226). _P[oe]nit. Egberti_, vi. 3 (_ibid._ p. 238). _P[oe]nit. Pseudo-Theodori_, xxiv. 5 (_ibid._ p. 593).] [Footnote 97: _P[oe]nit. Theodori_, i. 4. 7 (_ibid._ p. 188). _P[oe]nit. Bedæ_, iv. 5 (_ibid._ p. 225). _P[oe]nit. Egberti_, iv. 11 (_ibid._ p. 235). According to _P[oe]nit. Pseudo-Theodori_, xxi. 2 (_ibid._ p. 586), the penance was to last for five years.] [Footnote 98: _P[oe]nit. Hubertense_, 2 (_ibid._ p. 377). _P[oe]nit. Merseburgense_, 2 (_ibid._ p. 391). _P[oe]nit. Bobiense_, 4 (_ibid._ p. 408). _P[oe]nit. Vindobonense_, 2 (_ibid._ p. 418). _P[oe]nit. Cummeani_, vi. 2 (_ibid._ p. 478). _P[oe]nit. XXXV. Capitulornm_, 1 (_ibid._ p. 506). _P[oe]nit. Vigilanum_, 27 (_ibid._ p. 529).] [Footnote 99: _P[oe]nit. Parisiense_, 1 (_ibid._ p. 412). _P[oe]nit. Floriacense_, 2 (_ibid._ p. 424).] [Footnote 100: _P[oe]nit. Pseudo-Theodori_, xxi. 18 (_ibid._ p. 588).] [Footnote 101: _P[oe]nit. Pseudo-Theodori_, xxi. 19 (_ibid._ 588).] [Footnote 102: Göpfert, _Moraltheologie_, i. 185.] [Footnote 103: _Lex Salica_ (Harold's text), 71. Brunner, _Forschungen_, p. 507, n. 1.] [Footnote 104: Foinitzki, in _Le droit criminel des états européens_, edited by von Liszt, p. 531.] [Footnote 105: _Koran_, iv. 94.] How shall we explain all these facts? Do they faithfully represent ideas of moral responsibility? Do they indicate that, at the earlier stages of civilisation, the outward event as such, irrespectively of the will of the agent, is an object of moral blame?