The Origin and Ideals of the Modern SchoolFerrer Guardia, Francisco
History
The Origin and Ideals of the Modern School
Ferrer Guardia, Francisco
Education -- Spain; Escuela moderna (Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain)
Have the children who are taught to save any superfluous property?
The very name of the society in question assures us that they have
not. The workers who send their children to this school live on
their wages, the minimum sum, determined by the laws of supply and
demand, which is paid for their work by the employers; and as this
wage gives them nothing superfluous, and the social wealth is
monopolised by the privileged classes, the workers are far from
obtaining enough to live a life in harmony with the progress of
civilisation. Hence, when these children of workers, and future
workers themselves, are taught to save—which is a voluntary
privation under the appearance of interest—they are taught to
prepare themselves to submit to privilege. While the intention is
to initiate them to the practice of economy, what is really done is
to convert them into victims and accomplices of the present unjust
order.
The working-class child is a human child, and, as such, it has a
right to the development of all its faculties, the satisfaction of
all its needs, moral and physical. For that purpose society was
instituted. It is not its function to repress or subject the
individual, as is selfishly pretended by the privileged and
reactionary class, and all who enjoy what others produce; it has to
hold the balance justly between the rights and duties of all
members of the commonwealth.
As it is, the individual is asked to sacrifice his rights, needs,
and pleasures to society; and, as this disorder demands patience,
suffering, and sophistical reasoning, let us commend economy and
blame saving. We do not think it right to teach children to look
forward to being workers in a social order in which the average
mortality of the poor, who live without freedom, instruction, or
joy, reaches an appalling figure in comparison with that of the
class which lives in triumph on their labour. Those who, from
sociolatry, would derogate in the least from the rights of man,
should read the fine and vigorous words of Pi y Margall: “Who art
thou to prevent my use of my human rights? Perfidious and
tyrannical society, thou wert created to defend, not to coerce us.
Go back to the abyss whence thou came.”
Starting from these principles, and applying them to pædagogy, we
think it necessary to teach children that to waste any class of
objects is contrary to the general welfare; that if a child spoils
paper, loses pens, or destroys books, it does an injustice to its
parents and the school. Assuredly one may impress on the child the
need of prudence in order to avoid getting imperfect things, and
remind it of lack of employment, illness, or age; but it is not
right to insist that a provision be made out of a salary which does
not suffice to meet the needs of life. That is bad arithmetic.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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