The Origin of Man and of His SuperstitionsRead, Carveth
Philosophy
The Origin of Man and of His Superstitions
Read, Carveth
Animism; Human beings -- Origin; Magic; Superstition; Totemism
Extravagance in funerary rites, often ruinous to the family, may
sometimes be checked by considerations of economy or convenience.
Thus some tribes of South Australia may burn all the property of the
deceased except their stone axes, which are too valuable to be lost to
the survivors. The Nagas bury with the body the things most closely
associated with the dead; but things of small value, never the gun
or the cornelian necklace.[253] The Todas, who burn their dead, lay
the body on a bier with many valuable offerings and swing it three
times over the fire; they then remove the money and the more valuable
ornaments and burn the rest with the corpse. They say that the dead
still have the use of everything that was swung over the fire; and tell
a story to explain the ceremony; but Dr. Rivers observes that “this
symbolic burning has the great advantage that the objects of value
are not consumed, and are available for use another time.”[254] The
Araucanians buried many things with the dead, and at the grave of a
chief slew a horse. But for all valuables—silver spurs and bits and
steel lance-heads—they left wooden substitutes. As for the horse, the
mourners ate it, and the ghost got nothing but the skin and the soul
of it.[255] Economy may also induce the belief that ghosts are easily
deceived, or are unaccountably stupid in some special way: as in the
widespread practice of carrying a corpse out of its house through a
hole in the wall; trusting that, the hole having been immediately
repaired, the ghost can never find his way back; so soon does he
forget the familiar door. This is cheaper than to burn the house
down. Superstitious practices may be carried out with self-destructive
infatuation, or restricted at will: in Florida (Melanesia), in a
certain stream, a very large eel was taken for a ghost; no one might
bathe in, or drink at, the stream—“except at one pool, which for
convenience was considered not to be sacred.”[256] A conflicting desire
creates a limiting belief. Whilst often the most painful or disgusting
rites are endured for fear of ghosts, at other times they are assumed
to be so dull that we are tempted to say: “Whatever is convenient is
credible.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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