Gnosticism, 247-251, 268f.: pagan basis of, 247; can it be used as a witness to pre-Christian paganism, 247-250; Christian elements in, 249f.; use in, of terms "Spirit" and "spiritual" due to dependence on the New Testament, 268f. "God," the term, 306f. Golden Rule, negative form of the, 88f. Gospel, the Pauline, was a matter of history, 264f. Gospels, the: contain an account of Jesus like that presupposed in the Pauline Epistles, 153f.; were they influenced by Paul, 154f., 159 Grace, doctrine of, both in Jesus and in Paul, 164 Grace of God according to Paul, 279 Greece, religion of: influenced Rome, 212f.; moral defects of, 214; was anthropomorphic polytheism, 214f.; was connected with the state, 214f.; mystical elements in, 215ff.; was undermined by philosophy, by the fall of the city-state, and by the influence of the eastern religions, 219f. Greek language: in Palestine, 53, 302; Paul's use of, 44, 46, 53 Gressmann, 181 Hadad, 235 Harnack, A. von, 6f., 26, 33-36, 98, 119, 263, 273 "Hebrew," meaning of the word, 46 Heinrici, 265 Heitmüller, 47, 49, 52, 76-78, 157, 243f., 257-261, 265, 282f. Helbig, 46 "Hellenist," meaning of the word, 46 Hellenistic age, the: cosmopolitanism in, 220; individualism in, 221; religious propaganda in, 221f.; syncretism in, 222f.; longing for redemption in, 223f. Hellenists, the, 302 Hepding, 227-231, 283 Hermas, Shepherd of, 242 Hermes Trismegistus, 242-245, 248f., 261f., 265-267, 285: was it influenced by Christianity, 242f., 247f.; importance of, 243f.; places soul higher than spirit, 248f.; terminology different from Paul's, 265-270 Hermetic Corpus, 242-245, 277 Herod Agrippa I, death of, 79 Hilgenfeld, 90 Hippolytus, 218, 249f. Holstein, 63-65, 76 Holtzmann, H. J., 22 Homer, 213f. "Illumination," the term, 273 Initiated, to be, use of the verb by Paul, 271f. Irenæus, 89 Isis, religion of, 8f. Isis, mysteries of, 232ff., had sacramental washings according to Tertullian, 281 Isis and Osiris, religion of, 231-234 Izates of Adiabene, 12 James, 94, 98: contact of with Paul, 75, 109-113, 137; men who came from, 101; attitude of, toward Paul, 111f.; attitude of Paul toward, 120ff.; called "the brother of the Lord," 299f. Jerome, 44 Jerusalem Church, the, 293-303: attitude of, toward the Law, 19; relief of the poor of, 99f., 104, 112f.; new principle of the life of, 127; community of goods in, 138; contact of, with Paul, 139; treasured tradition about Jesus, 139; direct influence of, upon Paul, 258f.; use of the term "Lord" by, 294-303