country is often called a wolf,[46] and the sign for a scout is made up of the signs _wolf_ and _look_.”[47] Should any scout detect danger, as at _night_ when on duty near an encampment, he must give the cry of the coyote.[48] [43] G. B. Grinnell, Pawnee hero stories and folk-tales, N. Y., Scribners, 1893, p. 245, fol. [44] Jacob Grimm, Geschichte der deutschen Sprache, s. 233: Ein sabinischer stamm hiesz Hirpi (lat. _hirpus_ bedeutet _wolf_ in sabinischer oskischer Mundart), weil den einwandernden ein wolf führer geworden war, oder nach andrer sage sie wölfe gejagt hatten und gleich wölfen raubten, d. h. im sinn des deutschen ausdrucks friedlos waren. [45] The werewolf story could arise only where the animal, wolf, tiger or lion, etc., was common; and likewise the werewolf tales gradually died out when the animals became rare or extinct. See note 11. [46] Grinnell, p. 245. [47] The Watusi of East Africa distinctly describe all wild beasts save their own totem-animals as _enemy-scouts_ (Encyc. Brit. under Lycanthropy). [48] Ethn. Rep. 1881-82, p. 323. See also Grinnell, Story of the indian, p. 208: The wolf was believed, in the animals’ council, to be able to give the Indian the power to creep right into the midst of the enemy’s camp without being seen. The idea of the harmfulness to other men of a man in animal form or dress became deeply seated now, when men in animal disguise began to act not only as decoys for animals dangerous to life, but also as scouts (robbers[49]—and later as possessors of supernatural power, when growth of culture brought with it growth of supernaturalism[50]); when people began to associate, for example, the wolf’s form with a lurking enemy.[51] [49] See note 53. [50] See note 57-b. [51] So originally the germanic god _Logi_ was not an evil god. _Logi_ meant the natural force of fire; _Loki_ meant the same, but the burly giant has been made a sly, seducing villain (Grimm, Teut. Myth. I. 241). A son of Loki, Fenrisûlfr, appears in wolf’s shape among the gods. Perhaps association with the wolf is in part responsible for the transformation of Logi (Loki) from a good to an evil god. All uncivilized tribes of the world are continually on the defensive, like our American Indian; they all no doubt on occasion have sent out scouts who, like our American Indians, to avoid detection, assumed the disguise of the animal most common to the special locality in question, just as to-day they are known to disguise in animal skins for purposes of plunder or revenge.[52][53]