Rep. 1893-94, p. cxiv). Criminals kept to the _woods_ and the _dark_. Many of them lived like animals, dressed in animal skins, and to terrorize others assumed the role of werewolves. Since therefore so many outlaws lived, dressed (note 22 close) and acted like wolves, to all intents and purposes became wolves, _wolf_ and outlaw became synonymous terms. [113] The widespread custom of keeping windows closed at night in Germany is perhaps a relic of heathen days, when people believed that werewolves, etc., entered houses at night. In place of the earlier harmful werewolf is now the “harmful” night air. BIBLIOGRAPHY ANDREE, RICHARD. Ethnographische parallelen und vergleiche. Stuttgart, 1878. BEHAGHEL, OTTO. Die deutsche sprache. Leipzig, 1902. BRAUNE, WILHELM. Althochdeutsches lesebuch. Halle, 1907. BROCKHAUS, F. A. Konversations-lexikon. Leipzig, 1901 fol. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY. Bulletin 26. Washington, 1901. DILTHEY, WILHELM. Erlebnis und dichtung. Leipzig, 1906. EDDA. Die lieder der älteren edda. Paderborn, 1876. ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA. New York, 1883, etc. ERMAN, ADOLF. Reise um die erde durch Nordasien. Berlin, 1833. FISKE, JOHN. Myths and myth-makers. Boston, 1892. FREYTAG, GUSTAV. Bilder aus neuer zeit. Leipzig, 1904. GOLTHER, W. Handbuch der germanischen mythologie. Leipzig, 1895. GRIMM, JAKOB. Geschichte der deutschen sprache. Leipzig, 1878. GRIMM, JAKOB. Rechtsaltertümer. 4te auf. Vol. II. Leipzig, 1899. GRIMM, JAKOB. Teutonic mythology. Translation by J. S. Stallybrass, London, 1882. GRINNELL, GEORGE BIRD. Blackfoot lodge tales. New York, 1892. GRINNELL, G. B. Pawnee hero stories and folk-tales. New York, 1893. GRINNELL, G. B. Story of the Indian. New York, 1895. HERTZ, W. Der werwolf. Stuttgart, 1862. HIRT, H. Die indogermanen. Strassburg, 1905 fol. INDOGERMANISCHE FORSCHUNGEN. Vols. XVI, XXI. Strassburg, 1904, 1907. KLUGE, F. Etymologisches wörterbuch der deutschen sprache. Strassburg, 1905. LEMCKE, K. Aesthetik in gemeinverständlichen vorträgen. Leipzig, 1890. LEUBUSCHER, R. Über die wehrwölfe und thierverwandlungen im mittelalter. Berlin, 1850. LITERARY DIGEST. New York and London, March 9, 1907. MEYERS. Kleines konversations-lexikon. Leipzig, 1899-1900. PAUL, H. Grundriss der germanischen philologie. Strassburg, 1900. SCHADE, O. Altdeutsches wörterbuch. Halle, 1872 fol. SCHRADER, O. Reallexikon der indogermanischen altertumskunde. Strassburg, 1901. VÖLSUNGASAGA. Ranisch, Berlin, 1891. WESTLICHE POST. St. Louis. WUNDT, W. Völkerpsychologie. Vol. II. Leipzig, 1905. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DEUTSCHES ALTERTUM. Vol. XLVII. Berlin, 1903-1904. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DEUTSCHE PHILOLOGIE. Vol. XXXVIII. Halle, 1906. INDEX [The pages are in roman numerals, the notes in italic.] Abipones, _9, 66._ Abyssinia, _9._