To verify in the light of scientific knowledge the titles which the
Bible can truly present to the veneration of the Christian world
appears to some more and more advisable.[118] Few persons amongst the
critical students of the Old Testament doubt that the books said to be
by Moses are a collection of ancient documents, a compilation made by
different individuals living at different periods, with long intervals
between them, each with his own point of view. The conscientious
examination to which these portions of the sacred writings have been
subjected was directed at first to isolated points, and in order to
exercise freely the critical faculties so much in evidence now, it was
necessary to modify the generally accepted view that the religion
of the Jews was cast in one piece, and perfect at the first. It was
necessary to separate the ancient documents from those of a more
recent date, but the attempt to make an exact chronological table of
the earlier history of the Hebrews was abandoned. Until the death
of Solomon only round numbers could be used, even the date of the
oldest fact in history, the exodus of the Jewish people from Egypt,
cannot definitely be fixed. Amongst the Egyptologists, whose testimony
is of the greatest value, there is great hesitation in assigning a
date, though the greater number hold to the fifteenth century B.C.
Their representations with regard to Moses are so devoid of definite
historical data as to envelop his personality in great mystery.
The idea of a revelation expressly delivered to the Jewish people
acquired a more definite form in the Middle Ages; and from the
Reformation the theory was promulgated, amongst those to whom the
idea was not repugnant, that to a small portion of humanity only--the
elect--had been consigned the task of disseminating the knowledge of
religious truth in the world. The study of the Scriptures spread to all
classes where it was not forbidden to the laity, and from that time
millions of human beings knew no other literature.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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