But there is another class of words differing somewhat from those
we have named, such words, as day, night, spring, winter, dawn and
twilight; these lack the individuality and tangibleness of the others;
and when we say “day approaches, night comes,” we attribute acts to
things which are not agents, we affirm propositions, which, logically
analysed, have no properly defined subjects. Semi-tangible names, such
as sky, earth, belong to the same category. When we say “the earth
nourishes man,” we do not allude to any well defined portion of the
soil, we take the earth as a whole; and the sky is not only the small
portion of the horizon grasped by our eyes, our imagination conceives
objects not within the ken of our senses, but inasmuch as we look upon
the earth or sky as a whole, see in it a power or an ideal, we make
of it, involuntarily, an individuality. Now these words had certain
terminations affixed to them indicating what we call gender, and
became masculine or feminine, the neuter gender at that time did not
enter into the language, until thought becoming more lucid perceived
it in nature. What was the result? That it was impossible to speak of
morning or night, of spring or winter, of dawn or twilight, of sky
and earth, without clothing them not only with active and individual
characteristics, but with personal and sexual attributes; hence all
the objects of discourse as used by the founders of language became
necessarily so many actors, as men and women act; and thought, when
once launched in this direction, being irresistibly attracted by the
tendency towards analogy and metaphor, overspread the whole world
of human experience with this method of representation. What is
called animism, anthropomorphism, and personification, have therefore
their source in this inevitable dynamic stage, as Max Müller calls
it, of thought and language, in which the psychological necessity of
representing the external objects as resembling themselves operated on
our ancestors. This necessity might have been named subjectivism had
it not received more specific terms such as _animism_, which consists
in conceiving of inanimate objects as animate; _anthropomorphism_,
conceiving objects as men, and _personification_, conceiving objects
as persons. As soon as this new mental act was performed, a new world
was called into existence, a world of names, or as we now call it, the
world of myths.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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