Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
There is nothing suspicious in the Aeginetans having twice in two
hundred years attained some sort of thalassocracy, and having on both
occasions come as a result into collision with Athens. It is perfectly
natural for the Aeginetans on a second occasion to appeal to allies who
had previously helped them so effectively and with such profit to
themselves. Macan[897] observes that the Herodotean account of the feud
between Athens and Aegina is remarkably uninfluenced by contemporary
politics and interests. He suggests[898] dating the subjection of Aegina
to Epidaurus to the reign of Pheidon, and the revolt of the island from
Epidaurus to the time of Pheidon’s fall. But why in that case does the
account speak of a revolt from Epidaurus, if it was really a revolt from
the famous Argive tyranny? The whole narrative finds a more appropriate
setting if regarded as one chapter in the history of Pheidon himself.
[Sidenote: Why Pheidon is not mentioned in them.]
Only, why in this case is the name of Pheidon nowhere mentioned? It is
one thing to omit details in a biography four lines in length. It is
quite another to omit so prominent a name in a narrative that runs to
seven whole chapters. But the omission, though at first sight
surprising, is capable of explanation. The Herodotean story appears to
have been derived from the temple of Damia and Auxesia[899]. It was told
Herodotus not in connexion with any royal monument, but to explain
certain offerings of pottery and jewellery that he saw in the temple.
Not a single personal name occurs in the whole narrative, and there is
no particular reason why there should. There may actually have been
motives for not introducing them. The account of the events given to
Herodotus in the Aeginetan temple of Damia and Auxesia would naturally
not emphasize the part played by the Argive tyrant. The Athenian
version, to which also Herodotus alludes, would have still better reason
for trying to forget the name of Pheidon. If my whole interpretation of
these events is not entirely wrong, Pheidon dealt the Athenians what was
probably the most crushing blow they had ever received down to the days
when Herodotus wrote his history. The personal name may be omitted from
the same motive that made the Athenians speak of the Aeginetan drachma
as the “fat” drachma, which they are said to have done, “refusing to
call it Aeginetan out of hatred of the Aeginetans[900].” Sparta again
had taken sides against Pheidon at Olympia[901], and would have had no
interest in perpetuating the name of the man who had almost barred their
way to the hegemony of the Peloponnese.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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