Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
Ephorus’ account of Pheidon’s conquests and inventions is derived
neither from Attic nor from Aeginetan sources. As seen already[902] the
source of his statement about Pheidon coining in Aegina was most
probably the Argive Heraeum. Herodotus claims to use Argive sources, but
for him the war is primarily a matter between the Athenians and the
Aeginetans, whose subsequent hatred of one another it is intended to
explain. Thus we appear to have three rival or even hostile traditions
confirming one another, so that the variety of sources adds in a real
way to the credibility of the resultant narrative.
[Sidenote: Pheidon and Aegina, further evidence from Ephorus: Pheidon
recovered the lot of Temenos, which included Aegina.]
The notices about the coinage are not the only evidence for associating
Pheidon with Aegina. According to Ephorus “he completely recovered the
lot of Temenos, which had previously been split into several
parts[903].” Temenos appears in the genealogies as great great grandson
of Heracles, and founder of the Dorian dynasty at Argos[904]. He and his
sons and his son-in-law between them are represented as securing the
greater part of the North-east Peloponnese. Aegina fell to his
son-in-law Deiophontes, who went to the island from Epidaurus[905].
The operations described in Herodotus V. 82–88, by which the Argives
crossed from Epidaurus and drove the Athenians out of Aegina and put an
end to the Epidaurians being tributary to Athens[906], are almost beyond
doubt to be identified with the recovery by Argos of the portion of the
lot of Temenos that had been secured by Deiophontes.
[Sidenote: Traces of this recovery in other passages of Herodotus.]
It is true that this account of the recovery of the lot of Temenos is
first certainly met with in Strabo, whose authority is only the fourth
century Ephorus. But there are hints that Ephorus is here to be trusted.
There is the evidence of Herodotus that from an unspecified earlier date
down to about 550 B.C. the Argives had possessed the whole east coast of
the Peloponnesus and “the island of Cythera and the rest of the
islands[907].” The most likely period for Argos to have acquired this
territory is the reign of Pheidon. Pheidon according to Strabo[908] “had
deprived the Spartans of the hegemony of the Peloponnese,” and it is the
Spartans who shortly before Croesus asked for their help, had wrested
from the Argives “Cythera and the rest of the islands.” About 668 B.C.,
_i.e._ probably in Pheidon’s reign, the Argives had beaten the Spartans
in the battle of Hysiae, which decided the possession of the strip of
coast land south of the Argolid[909].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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