Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
The Olympian larnax does not at all correspond to the picture of a
cypsele suggested by the ancient notices on the subject, which, quite
apart from the light they may possibly throw on Cypselus, deserve a more
detailed examination than they have hitherto received[1029].
The meanings of the word given by the ancients are as follows:
(1) A wine vessel[1030],
(2) A vessel to receive wheat or barley[1031],
(3) Part of a furnace[1032],
(4) A beehive[1033],
(5) Vessels for sweet condiments[1034], or receptacles for such
vessels[1035],
(6) The hole of the ear[1036],
(7) Wax in the ears[1037].
[Sidenote: Cp. coins of Cypsela.]
This literary evidence may be supplemented from a numismatic source.
Some fourth century B.C. coins of the Thracian Cypsela[1038] show a more
or less cylindrical vessel with two small vertical handles[1039]. A
similar vessel, resting on what is probably a grain of corn, is shown on
other coins of the same century and from the same district[1040]. The
vessel has very plausibly been identified as a cypsele.
[Illustration: Fig. 26. Coins of Cypsela.]
[Sidenote: Inferences as to size, shape, and material.]
At first sight the various uses of the word appear rather miscellaneous,
especially if we include (6) and (7). But (6) and (7) need not be
brought in. They are late uses derived from (4)[1041]. Meaning (5) is
probably to be eliminated on the same grounds. This leaves us with (1)
to (4), all of them vessels of large size, a feature implicit in the
Cypselus legend and confirmed by the ancient lexicographers[1042].
For the material of cypselae under meanings (1) to (5) the only written
evidence is found in (i) schol. Aristoph. _Pax_ 631, which says that
“cypselae were not only woven (πλεκταί) but also of pottery (κεραμεαῖ),”
(ii) a scholiast to Lucian, _Lexiphanes_, 1, which explains the cypsele
as (_a_) “the narrow-mouthed unpitched vessel of pottery,” (_b_) an
earthenware vessel, (_c_) [addit. C] “the name is also given to a sort
of woven vessel,” (iii) Hesychius, who explains a cypsele as a
wickerwork beehive.
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