Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
There remains the “certain part of a furnace” referred to by Hesychius.
Whatever this may have been, it is most unlikely that it was rectangular
for the simple reason that ancient Greek furnaces appear from extant
pictures to have no rectangular parts that could possibly be so
identified. Pictures of ancient Greek furnaces are numerous, and it is
surprising that no attempt seems to have been made to discover a cypsele
in any of them, for it is not unlikely that some of these pictures do in
fact depict it, and in that case they show us the earliest form of the
object of which we have any precise record.
[Illustration: Fig. 29. Attic vase painting, perhaps depicting a
cypsele.]
[Sidenote: Probable pictures of a cypsele on sixth-century Attic vases,
depicting it as a large terra cotta vase.]
In Saglio’s _Dictionnaire des Antiquités_, s.v. Fer, figs. 2964, 2965,
(here figs. 27, 28), pictures are reproduced from two black figure vases
that depict furnaces being used, in all probability for treating
iron[1051]. On the top of either furnace is depicted what de Launay
describes as a “sorte de vase, sans doute de terre cuite[1052].” A
similar vase is shown _ibid._ s.v. Caelatura, fig. 937[1053] (here fig.
29) on top of what the context shows to be the furnace of a bronze
foundry[1054]. This latter picture is on an early red figure vase[1055].
In all three cases the “sort of vase” is very large, as is shown by
comparing it in size with the human figures in the picture. In short
both in size, shape, use and probably material it answers to the written
descriptions of one variety of cypsele. What it does not so well answer
to is the vase represented on the coins of Cypsela, which is tall and
cylindrical and shows two vertical handles. Fortunately there is a
connecting link between the two forms. In the Berlin Museum there is an
actual stove of terra cotta, said to have been found in the sea off
Iasos (coast of Asia Minor)[1056]. It is about ·50 m. high and of a
common enough type[1057], though it is rare to find one so well
preserved[1058]. What however gives the Iasos example its importance is
a vase ·13 m. high and ·192 diameter, of the same dark brown micaceous
clay as the stove itself, that was found along with it and fits so well
on top of it that it must unquestionably have formed part of the
complete article[1059]. Here we have a vase of considerable size that in
shape has resemblances to the vases on the coins of Cypsela, but in its
bulging sides deviates from them in the direction of our conjectured
cypselae of the vase paintings. In position and in use as the receptacle
for material to be heated, it corresponds with these latter. Though
comparatively large, it must remain doubtful whether it is large enough
to be a cypsele. But in any case it helps to connect the vases of the
Cypsela coins with the “part of a furnace” of the vase paintings, and to
make it probable that the latter was made of pottery and that both are
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