Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
But the really curious point about a Cypselid being called Psammetichus
lies in the meaning of the name, which, as seen above[1101], is most
probably to be interpreted “man (vendor) of mixing bowls.” If this
interpretation is correct Psammetichus and Cypselus are synonyms. Now
the modern historians generally follow Aristotle[1102], and give the
name of the last tyrant of Corinth as Psammetichus. [Sidenote: is given
by Nicolaus the name of Cypselus,] But our other ancient authority,
Nicolaus of Damascus[1103], states that Periander was succeeded by a
second Cypselus, “who came from Corcyra and became tyrant of Corinth
until certain of the Corinthians combined and slew him ... and freed the
city.” Psammetichus is called by Aristotle the son of Gorgos, Cypselus
II is described by Nicolaus as son of Periander’s brother Gorgos[1104].
A Psammetichus son of Gorgos is mentioned by Nicolaus as having been
sent to Corcyra by Periander. The same author makes Cypselus II come
from Corcyra to succeed Periander on the throne of Corinth. It is hard
to avoid the conclusion reached by Busolt[1105] that Cypselus II and
Psammetichus are one and the same person. But need we follow Busolt
further[1106] and assume that Psammetichus changed his name to Cypselus
on his accession? Psammetichus I of Egypt in his early days when he was
a vassal of Assyria, appears to have received from his overlord the
Assyrian name of Neboshazban[1107]. Possibly therefore the Egyptian king
might take it as a compliment if a Greek adopted an Egyptian name. But
even this is doubtful. The Saites would not be extremely anxious to
follow the practices of Assyria and Babylon: the Greeks did not readily
change their names. On the other hand the Greeks loved to find
equivalents between Greek names and Egyptian, as we see most markedly in
their treatment of Greek and Egyptian gods[1108], and heroes[1109], and
likewise of Egyptian place-names[1110]. [Sidenote: which suggests that
the two names were regarded by their bearer as synonyms meaning vendor
of pots.] Is it not therefore rather more probable that from beginning
to end the last of the Corinthian tyrants bore the name of his
grandfather, according to the familiar Greek custom, and that Cypselus
and Psammetichus were employed consciously as the Greek and Egyptian
forms of one and the same name[1111], both alike meaning “man of pots.”
It may of course have been an accident that of the three names borne by
the three tyrants of the Greek potteries two should be derived from
words denoting some species of pot: but if so it is a very curious one.
Chapter VIII. _Rome_
“All the historical labours bestowed on the early centuries of Rome
will, in general, be wasted.”—Sir George Cornewall Lewis, _On the
Credibility of Early Roman History_ (1855), vol. II. p. 556.
[Sidenote: I. The narrative as to how the Tarquins are said to have
gained, held, and lost the throne.]
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