Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
If the Tarquins’ power was really commercial in origin, and if the
account of it in writers of the age of Livy is in the main outline
historical, then the facts ought to be found influencing the history of
the early republic and in particular the measures taken by the
aristocrats to prevent the restoration of the monarchy. What is in fact
the sort of situation represented as most alarming them from this point
of view?
[Sidenote: Collatinus and his wealth and “benevolences”;]
The first indication of the direction of their fears is to be found in
the account of Collatinus’ banishment, recorded by Livy as having taken
place in the first year of the republic. According to Livy[1178] it was
simply the hated name of Tarquin that led to his banishment. Collatinus
was reluctant to withdraw: he only did so from fear that later, when no
longer consul, the same fate might overtake him with the loss of his
property into the bargain—cum bonorum amissione. Livy does not always
work over his material sufficiently to make it quite harmonize with his
own interpretation of it. It looks as though it was the bona, the wealth
of Collatinus, that led to his expulsion. Though plainly not the
strongest influence in Rome at the time, it may have been sufficiently
strong to be a perpetual menace to the aristocratic government. It is
the “primores ciuitatis” who insist on his withdrawal. If in
Dionysius[1179] on another occasion Collatinus is made to argue “that it
was not the tyrants’ money that had been harming the city, but their
persons,” the protestation only shows that there were others who did not
share this view, but thought rather, with Dionysius’ Marcus Valerius,
that there was a danger lest the people, “beguiled by the tyrant’s
benevolences, ... should help to restore Tarquin to the throne[1180].”
The same view is implied in a speech put by Dionysius[1181] into the
mouth of one of the popular leaders at the time of the first secession.
He reminds his hearers that “the people were never put to any
disadvantage by the kings, and least of all by the last ones”: he
recalls an occasion on which the king had “distributed five minae of
silver to every man,” and reminds the patricians how the plebeians had
rejected the great gifts that the banished Tarquins had offered them as
an inducement to break faith with the patrician government.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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