Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
It may well have been from similar fears that in the following year the
remainder of the Tarquins’ property was distributed among the people:
“(bona regia) deripienda plebi sunt data[1182].” A few chapters later
Livy states that so long as the banished Tarquin was still alive, the
people received from the senate “multa blandimenta[1183].” The nobles
are described by Dionysius as “taking many measures friendly to the
poor, that they might not go over to the tyrants and be won over by
considerations of personal gain and betray the commonwealth[1184].” The
senate seems to have been fighting the Tarquins with their own weapons.
The blandimenta that kept Superbus off the throne may well have been
synonymous with the benignitas that got Priscus on to it.
After the death of Tarquin at the court of the Greek tyrant at Cumae
there were three prominent Romans who rightly or wrongly were suspected
of aiming at the kingly power. It may be worth while examining in each
of the three cases the circumstances that are said to have given rise to
these suspicions.
[Sidenote: Cassius and his exceptional financial position;]
Spurius Cassius[1185] is not described as having been personally very
rich, and our authors introduce into their accounts of him nothing to
support the charge that he was aiming at overthrowing the existing
government. They leave it possible to conceive of him as a
constitutional reformer who when consul sought to relieve a widespread
distress by distributions of land[1186] and perhaps corn[1187] and by
taking the state finances into his own hands[1188]. The outcry against
him is made to come mainly from the landed classes who fear that his
proposals may touch their own pockets. As far as they are thinking about
the constitution it is the financial position that the consul has
created for himself that is the chief ground of their alarms. “By his
distributions of money the consul was erecting a power perilous to
liberty: ... the way was being paved to monarchy.” Later on we find
Cassius having money dealings with the people. He proposes that the sums
that they have paid the government for corn brought from Sicily in time
of famine should be refunded to them: “but this was looked on by the
plebeians as a cash payment for the throne, and refused.” Though there
is nothing to show that the Cassius of Livy and Dionysius had either the
desire or the real equipment to repeat the career of Tarquinius Priscus,
yet the narrative about him is none the less relevant. It depicts the
early republican as deeply alarmed at any individual who secures any
kind of financial predominance in the state. Very possibly this feeling
may account for the ostentatious exhibition of poverty in which early
republican nobles are so often depicted as indulging[1189].
[Sidenote: Maelius and his exceptional wealth and organized body of
clients.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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