Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
The reformed festival was held in honour of this Theban hero and the
Theban wine god Dionysus. The ejected Adrastus had been one of the
leaders in the famous expedition of the Seven against Thebes[1320].
There can be little doubt that when the festival was instituted
Cleisthenes was aiming at an entente with the great inland city that
formed the first main stage on the route from Delphi to Euboea and the
North. But the attempt was a failure. Thebes was conspicuously
unrepresented at the wooing of Cleisthenes’ daughter Agariste[1321], and
the tyrant is furious when one of the suitors performs what has
plausibly been suggested to have been a Theban dance[1322]. Relations
with Delphi may have run a similar course. In the first celebration of
the reformed Delphian Pythia Cleisthenes competed; and the way that he
approached the Delphic oracle before reorganizing his own Sicyonian
festival shows that he wanted an understanding with the authorities
there, to whom his family was perhaps largely indebted for its
throne[1323]. But the oracle would have nothing to do with Cleisthenes’
proposals and used abusive language to the tyrant for making them.
Relations between the god and the tyrant can hardly have remained
cordial after this incident and the Thebans presumably sided with the
god.
Whatever the precise outcome of Cleisthenes’ policy with Delphi and
Thebes the likelihood remains that one main object of that policy had
been to give a new direction to the city’s trade. We have been assuming
that the Sicyon of the tyrants was an important centre of commerce and
industry. This has been denied by Eduard Meyer[1324]. The evidence is
meagre: but as far as it goes it is entirely against Meyer’s hypothesis,
which makes it hard to explain how the city became so great and
prosperous at this time. We have seen already that Cleisthenes possessed
a powerful fleet and that his proceedings suggest far-reaching
commercial designs. The evidence as to industry points in the same
direction. Some distinguished archaeologists have actually assigned to
the Sicyon of Andreas and Orthagoras one of the leading industries of
the period, the making of the remarkably fine pottery now usually known
as Proto-Corinthian. Their arguments are by no means decisive[1325], and
in any case there is nothing to associate the Sicyonian tyrants
personally with Sicyonian potteries; but there are literary notices
which point to the Orthagorids as having been, like the other early
tyrants, builders and, presumably, employers of local labour. The
Olympian “treasury” which Pausanias thought to have been put up by the
tyrant Myron[1326] has been shown by excavation to have been fifth
century work[1327]. But in this treasury Pausanias saw two “bronze
chambers” (models of buildings?) one of which bore an inscription saying
that it was a dedication of Myron and the people of Sicyon. This
inscription may have misled Pausanias into ascribing to Myron the
building that contained it[1328].
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