Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
The bronze chamber on which the
dedication was inscribed was on a large scale. It weighed 500 Aeginetan
talents or about 19 tons. From towards the end of the period of the
tyranny Sicyon was famous for its school of sculptors, who worked
largely in bronze, and though no statement has been preserved as to the
workmanship of Myron’s dedication, it may not unreasonably be used as
evidence that the Sicyonians of his reign were already experts in the
working of bronze[1329]. As regards buildings, Cleisthenes with the
spoils that he gained in the Sacred War is known to have erected at
Sicyon a magnificent portico[1330].
Pollux, the lexicographer of the second century A.D., says that the
Sicyonians in the time of the tyrants (as also the Athenians under the
Peisistratids) wore a particular kind of rough woollen dress “that they
might be ashamed to go down into the city[1331].” The statement may be
true and the explanation false. If both are accepted, it by no means
follows that the policy of the Sicyonian tyrants was dominantly
agricultural[1332]. We may possibly have here a record of a measure
intended to prevent the commercialized city from attracting to itself
the agricultural population that was of such vital importance to the
normal self-sufficing Greek city-state. There is little doubt that the
government of the Sicyonian tyrants was popular with the lower classes.
Aristotle declares that it lasted so long because they treated their
subjects so well[1333]. If Herodotus and Ephorus give a less favourable
account of them, the reason is probably that their sources were
aristocratic and anti-tyrannical[1334].
[Sidenote: Megara.]
The tyranny at Megara is associated with the single name of
Theagenes[1335], whose reign is dated by the support that he gave to his
son-in-law Cylon, winner of an Olympian victory in 640 B.C.[1336] and
would-be tyrant of Athens.
According to Aristotle in the _Rhetoric_ Theagenes, like Peisistratus
and Dionysius, scheming to make himself tyrant asked for the (usual)
bodyguard, and having secured it became tyrant. But as pointed out in
the first chapter this only shows that winning the tyranny meant
possessing an armed force. It says nothing as to how the armed force was
acquired. Armed forces are not to be had for the asking. For the way in
which Theagenes got his our only evidence is another passage of
Aristotle, this time from the _Politics_, which says that Theagenes
secured his power “after slaughtering the flocks and herds of the
wealthy[1337].”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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