Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
It seems therefore not unlikely that when Theagenes slaughtered the
flocks of the wealthy at Megara his blow was aimed at a class of
capitalists whose wealth was already based on the woollen trade, as was
that of the direct ancestors in Tudor times of our own modern
capitalists[1349].
This possibility has been recognized by Poehlmann[1350] who quotes
Xenophon on the Megarean wool industry in reference to Theagenes.
Poehlmann imagines the blow as dealt by the discontented masses and
inspired by simple hatred. But our one authority attributes it not to
the rebellious masses but to Theagenes himself. On a point of definite
fact like this Aristotle deserves to be taken precisely as he expresses
himself. Can it be that Theagenes’ coup was a simple but effective means
of securing for himself the monopoly of the Megarean woollen industry?
If this was in fact the aim of Theagenes he was merely anticipating the
methods of certain modern monopolists. In December 1888 the Whiskey
Combination in the United States is said to have blown up a troublesome
independent still in Chicago[1351]. There are records of a similar
attempt to blow up rival works at Buffalo[1352]. For these cases I quote
again from a work on the danger of a new tyranny of wealth that the
writer, whose book appeared in 1894, thought at the time to be
threatening the United States.
The most lasting memorial that Theagenes left behind him was the water
conduit that he constructed for the city[1353]. The extant remains seem
to belong to a later date, but this is no reason for either post-dating
the tyrant or not accepting him as its constructor. The remains now to
be seen may well be due to a reconstruction, perhaps by the famous
Megarean Eupalinus, who constructed the Samian waterworks for
Polycrates. Underground conduits like the Megarean were being made half
a century before the reign of Theagenes, as is shown by the underground
canal constructed by Hezekiah to bring to Jerusalem the waters of Miriam
(Gihon)[1354]. Tyranny at Megara was short lived. The only tyrant ended
his life in exile.
When they had banished Theagenes the Megareans for a short while
behaved with moderation ... but after that they began behaving
outrageously to the rich: in particular the poor entered their
houses and demanded to be entertained and feasted sumptuously, and
treated them all with violence and insult if they did not get what
they desired. Finally they passed a decree and recovered from the
money-lenders the interest that they happened to have paid.
This passage of Plutarch[1355] throws no direct light on either the
character or the basis of Theagenes’ power. The outbreak that it
describes may have been due to the comparative weakness of the new
government. It is equally possible that it occurred because the fall of
the tyranny had made things much worse for the working classes, on whose
support and favour Theagenes had probably based his power[1356].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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