Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
According to Plato[151] “it is fairly plain that tyranny develops out of
democracy.”
When a tyrant comes into being, the root he springs from is the
people’s champion, and no other.... What then is the beginning of
the change from protector to tyrant?... The people’s champion
finding a multitude very ready to follow him ... enslaves and
slaughters, and hints at the abolition of debts and the partition of
land. When such a man so behaves, is he not subsequently bound and
doomed either to be destroyed by his enemies or to become tyrant and
be changed from a man into a wolf? This is what becomes of the
leader of the rebellion against the owners of property[152].
Plato goes on to describe how the tyrant either gets banished and
effects his return by force or avoids exile only by the famous expedient
of demanding a bodyguard.
Aristotle’s account is similar, but less rigid, and emphasizes the
military element. “In ancient times, whenever the same individual became
both demagogue and general, the result was a tyranny. It is fairly true
to say that the majority of the early tyrants have developed out of
demagogues[153].” Other tyrants he describes as establishing themselves
as such after having previously either reigned as kings or held for a
long period some important office[154]. In ancient times Aristotle
includes the fifth century (and perhaps the beginning of the fourth), as
is shown by his quoting Dionysius of Syracuse[155]. Plato’s treatment is
less historical, but as he specifically excludes the possibility of any
other sort of tyrant pedigree than that he gives, his account is plainly
meant to hold good for all periods[156].
[Sidenote: but their picture of the rise of tyranny clashes with known
facts about the period,]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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