Cavaignac, _Études Financ._ p. 172; E. Meyer, _Kleinschrift._ p. 198. Footnote 129: See Brants, _Rev. de l’Instruct. Publ. Belg._ XXVI. p. 106. Footnote 130: Athen. XII. 540_d_. Footnote 131: Cp. on fifth century Athens Xen. (?) _Ath. Pol._ I. 12, “the city needs resident aliens owing to the number of its handicrafts (δεῖται μετοίκων διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν τεχνῶν).” Footnote 132: Below, p. 192. Footnote 133: Cp. Phaleas, Aristot. _Pol._ II. 1267. Footnote 134: Hdt. VI. 137, οὐ γὰρ εἶναι τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον σφίσι κω οἰκέτας. Footnote 135: Timaeus, _ap._ Athen. VI. 264_c_. Footnote 136: Clerc, _Métèques Athén._ pp. 324 f. Footnote 137: Ciccotti, _Tramonto d. Schiavitù_, p. 47. Footnote 138: Buechsenschuetz, _Besitz u. Erwerb._ pp. 321, 341, 193; cp. Waltz, _Rev. Hist._ 117 (1914), pp. 5–41. Footnote 139: In the oriental Greek states of the Hellenistic period, as also in the Roman East, the government seems sometimes to have run big industrial concerns whose employees have been held to have been free men. Beloch, _Zeits. f. Socialwiss._ II. pp. 24–25. But these establishments belong to a quite different political order from that with which we are now concerned. Footnote 140: For slave revolts in Greece see Diod. XXXIV. 2. 19 and Athen. VI. 272 f. (Laurium, probably latter part of second century B.C.); Athen. VI. 265_c_ (Chios, apparently later still, _pace_ Boeckh, _Public Econ. of Athens_, II. pp. 470–471); cp. Wallon, _l’Esclavage_^2, I. pp. 318 f., 483–484. The movements at Laurium and Chios in the Peloponnesian war, Thuc. VII. 27, VIII. 40, seem to have been not so much revolts against slavery as desertions from one set of masters to another. When Holm, _Hist. Greece_ (English trans.), I. p. 263, says that the essence of tyranny was that it rested on force he makes a statement which, so far as it is true, differentiates tyranny from no other ancient form of government. Footnote 141: ἀεὶ ἀτυράννευτος ἦν, Thuc. I. 18. Footnote 142: Plut. _Lysander_, 17. Footnote 143: Hill, _Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins_, p. 17, quoting Lenormant. Hill himself inclines to think that the Spartan coinage may have resembled the iron pieces of Aeginetan weight attributed to Tegea and Argos. But these latter are not “heavy and hard to carry.” Footnote 144: οὐ ξυνοικισθείσης πόλεως ... κατὰ κώμας δὲ ... οἰκισθείσης, Thuc. I. 10. Footnote 145: Aristot. _Pol._ II. 1269_a_. Footnote 146: Thuc. I. 132. Footnote 147: