Neither the Homeric Thersites nor the “leaders of the people” of Solon show any of the essential features of the demagogue as known to Herodotus, Plato, and Aristotle. Individual early tyrants are often said to have been demagogues, but only by the writers of the fourth century or later, whose evidence on this point is valueless; cp. below, pp. 30 f. Footnote 159: “The demagogues of the present day win favour with the democracies by securing many confiscations through the law courts.” Aristotle, _Pol._ VIII. (VI.), 1320_a_. Footnote 160: Hdt. VI. 131. Footnote 161: πολεμοποιός, Aristot. _Pol._ VII. (V.), 1313_b_; cp. 1305_a_ (οἱ προστάται τοῦ δήμου, ὅτε πολεμικοὶ γένοιντο, τυραννίδι ἐπετίθεντο) and Plato, _Rep._ VIII. 566_e_ (πολέμους ἀεὶ κινεῖ). Footnote 162: Cp. Thuc. I. 17, δι’ ἀσφαλείας ὅσον ἐδύναντο μάλιστα τὰς πόλεις ὤκουν. Hermann, _Staatsaltertümer_^5 p. 253, n. 5, notices that this passage contradicts Plato, _Rep._ VIII. 566_e_ and Aristot. _Pol._ VII. (V.), 1313_b_, 1305_a_, which make the typical tyrant warlike. He does not realize that Thucydides is describing the tyrants of an earlier age. Footnote 163: Below, pp. 257 f. Footnote 164: Aristot. _Pol._ VII. (V.), 1315_b_. The same change is recorded in the tyranny at Corinth: there Cypselus the first tyrant is said to have been a demagogue, possibly because he became tyrant and was not stated in Aristotle’s sources to have previously waged any war. Footnote 165: Hdt. I. 59; according to the _Ath. Pol._ 17, “it is obvious nonsense to say that Peisistratus was general in the war for Salamis against the Megareans.” But this statement based on chronological arguments can only call in question the date and character of Peisistratus’ warlike achievements, not their whole historicity. Footnote 166: _Pace_ E. Meyer, _G. d. A._ II. p. 666, following Justin II. 8 (quasi sibi non patriae uicisset, tyrannidem per dolum occupat). Footnote 167: On the essentially peaceful character of the Athenian tyranny, see Ciccotti, _Tramonto d. Schiavitù_, p. 49. Footnote 168: _Pol._ VII. (V.), 1312_b_. Footnote 169: III. 82. Footnote 170: Mixed of course with earlier features. _E.g._ in Plato (_Rep._ VIII. 566_a-b_) the banishment and forcible return and the bodyguard are all genuine Peisistratus. Footnote 171: Plato, _Letters_ 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 13. On the genuineness of the Platonic letters see Burnet, _Thales to Plato_, pp. 206, 207 and note. Footnote 172: Diog. Laert. II. 7. 63; 8. 67 f. Footnote 173: Aristotle, _Pol._ VII. (V.), 1307_a_, where Hanno of Carthage, Aristotle’s contemporary, is also quoted. Both these would-be tyrants tampered with the slave population (see Thucydides, I. 132 (Pausanias), Orosius, IV. 6 (Hanno)), and may thus have further helped to obliterate the picture of the peace-loving early tyrant and his relationship to free labour. Footnote 174: