Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
This comparative abundance of information is the reason why Athens has
been made the starting-point of this enquiry. But even so our knowledge
is meagre enough. And there is a special reason for using it with
caution. So far in the history of the world there has been only one
Athens. The developments that took place in the city during the first
two centuries of the democracy are without parallel. Can we be certain
that Athens was not already unique in the period immediately preceding?
One point in which the Athenian tyranny was exceptional meets us at the
first glance. [Sidenote: Athens before the establishment of the
tyranny.] With the single exception of Samos, all the other famous
tyrannies of the earlier type, at least in the Aegean area, arose in the
seventh century. But apart from this fact it will be found that the
tyranny at Athens in the sixth century followed the same course as it
appears to have done at places like Corinth and Argos, Sardis and
Miletus in the seventh. The more highly developed an organism is, the
longer it takes to reach maturity. This is perhaps the reason why Athens
in the sixth century appears in some respects to be a hundred years
behind some of the cities whom she was destined so completely to
eclipse.
Athens was not exclusively commercial. Her large territory made her
partly agricultural. To this fact may be due her failure to compete
commercially in the seventh century with cities like Aegina and
Corinth[181]. Hence too the late rise of the tyranny. It appears only
when the commercial and industrial element had got the upper hand. There
was indeed the attempt of Cylon, who conspired to make himself tyrant
within a generation of the first appearance of tyranny on the mainland
of Greece[182]. But Cylon failed because, though wealthy (ὀλυμπιονίκης)
and influential (δυνατός), he could not possibly, in the Athens of his
day, be the leader of any dominant organized commercial activity. He was
merely an ambitious member of the aristocracy (τῶν πάλαι εὐγενής),
connected with the great band of merchant princes only by marriage[183].
The attempt and its result are both what might have been expected from
the position of Athens at the time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account