Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
The party through which Peisistratus made himself tyrant is called by
Herodotus the Ὑπεράκριοι[198]. The Aristotelian _Constitution of Athens_
calls them the Διάκριοι[199], Plutarch sometimes Διακριεῖς sometimes
Ἔπακροι[200]. The English terminology is equally fluctuating. Hill,
Mountain, and Upland have all been used.
Modern historians have mostly explained the party as made up of small
farmers, agricultural labourers, herdsmen and the like, and have
generally assigned them to one special district, the mountainous region
of North and North-east Attica[201]. But this view, as shown below in
detail in an appendix[202], is based on a misunderstanding of the texts
that are quoted in its support, and is at variance with all the ancient
evidence, whether as regards the political propensities of agricultural
labourers or the state of cultivation of the Attic mountains. It takes
no account of the facts just brought forward as to how the tyrant
regained and maintained his power.
[Sidenote: were probably the miners of the Laurium district]
In a paper that I published in 1906[203] these facts were made the basis
of a new explanation of the Hillmen of Peisistratus. According to the
view there put forward the most important section of Peisistratus’
followers were the miners who worked the famous silver mines of South
Attica, and it was as leader of this mining population that Peisistratus
raised himself to the tyranny. At the time this view was little more
than a conjecture, topographically dubious. Of the only two places,
Plotheia and Semachidai, known to have been situated in the Hill
Country, Plotheia had been shown by tombstones to lie somewhere between
Marathon and Kephisia[204], and as this fact seemed to confirm the
theory of an exclusively Northern Hill Country, Semachidai, for the site
of which as within the limits of the three trittyes of its tribe no
evidence was available, was placed up in the North in the inland
trittys. But that this location was wrong is made practically certain by
the discovery of an inscription, published in 1910 by the Greek scholar
Oikonomos, that bears directly on the point. [Sidenote: which was
certainly part of the Hill Country] It dates from 349–8 B.C. and defines
the position of various mining concessions. One of them is described as
near Laurium and bordered on the South by the road leading past Rhagon
to Laurium and the Semacheion[205].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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