Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
These identifications are all untenable, the first two on account of
their dates, the rest because they make Sethon an Ethiopian. The warrior
class that refused to support Sethon was Ethiopian in sympathy and not
likely to desert an Ethiopian[501]. The Sethon story glorifies the god
Ptah (Hephaestus) of Memphis whereas the Ethiopian dynasty was devoted
to Amon of Thebes[502]. Griffith indeed suggests that Taharqa, who
became king of Ethiopia and Egypt after 700 B.C., may at the time of
Sennacherib’s defeat have represented the reigning king Shabataka in
Lower Egypt, possibly with the title of priest of Ptah at Memphis[503].
But there is no evidence for this having been so, and the picture of
Taharqa as a king with no real soldiers at his back is not easily
explained. On the contrary, as pointed out long ago by Lepsius[504], the
Biblical account[505] appears to differentiate Pharaoh king of Egypt,
whom it calls a broken reed, and Tirhaka king of Ethiopia. Similarly the
Assyrian cylinders distinguish the kings of Egypt from the king of
Miluhhi = Meroe = Ethiopia[506]. The kings of Egypt who are thus
referred to in the plural[507] are plainly the rulers who at the period
divided among themselves the lands of the Delta. The evidence all points
to the conclusion that Sethon was one of these Delta chiefs, and
presumably one of the most important of them, who acknowledged when
forced to the suzerainty of Ethiopia or Assyria as the case might be,
but did his best to keep clear of both great powers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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