Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
For the dating of this pottery Naukratis offered no certain data. The
decisive evidence is derived from Naukratite vases recently found in
three other sites, Vroulia in Rhodes, Rhitsona (Mykalessos) in Boeotia,
and Berezan in South Russia. Vroulia was excavated by Kinch in 1907 and
1908. The finds were fully and sumptuously published in 1914. They led
him to believe that the site was occupied only from the first third of
the seventh century B.C. to about 570–560[600]. Among them were
fragments of nine Naukratite cups, none of them particularly early
examples of the style, and of one vase in what seems to be a late
development from it. The decoration of the Vroulia Naukratite seems
moreover to correspond to one of the earlier phases of the Milesian (?)
pottery from the same site.
The Vroulia evidence is confirmed by that of the Naukratite chalice
(fig. 15) unearthed at Rhitsona just at the time when Vroulia was being
excavated by Kinch. The vase, which is almost complete, belongs to a
late phase of the style[601]. Fill ornaments have almost disappeared.
Red and incisions are abundantly used for details. The vase was found
with some hundreds of others in a single interment grave that cannot be
dated much after 550 and maybe a little before that date[602]. A
Naukratite vase cannot have been made to order for a Boeotian funeral.
The Rhitsona chalice by itself renders it practically certain that the
making of Naukratite ware at Naukratis began long before the accession
of Amasis.
Finally at Berezan on the Black Sea the Russian excavators report that
in 1909 Naukratite pottery was found along with Rhodian (= Milesian),
Fikellura and Clazomenae wares in the lowest stratum of the excavations,
which they date seventh to sixth century, whereas Attic pottery of the
middle of the sixth century (especially Kleinmeister kylikes) first
appears in a higher stratum (sixth to fifth century B.C.)[603].
[Illustration: Fig. 15. Naukratite vase found at Rhitsona in Boeotia.]
[Sidenote: all pointing to a foundation in the seventh century.]
In the face of all this evidence it becomes highly probable that
Naukratite pottery began to be made before the end of the seventh
century[604]. It is against all likelihood to suppose that the first
thing the Greek settlement at Naukratis did was to start a large
pottery, which proceeded at once to turn out a highly original kind of
ware. And in point of fact we have seen that the finds include a good
quantity of an earlier style of pottery, that takes us back well into
the reign of Psamtek. We have seen too that this pottery, which is one
of the starting-points of the Naukratite style, is probably Milesian.
[Sidenote: Evidence as to Naukratis based on differences observed in
different parts of the site, viz. (α) the temenos of the
Milesians,]
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