The similarity between these conspicuous layers of lightly-staining cells in Ammocoetes and in crustaceans is remarkably close, and in both cases observers have found the same difficulty in interpreting their meaning. In each case one group of observers looks upon them as ganglion-cells, the other as supporting structures. Thus in the lamprey, Müller considers them to belong to the supporting elements, while Langerhans and Kohl describe them as a double {100}layer of ganglion-cells. In the crustacean, Berger in Squilla, Grenacher in Mysis, and Parker in Astacus, look upon them as supporting elements, while Viallanes in Palinurus considers them to be true ganglionic cells. Whatever the final interpretation of these cells may prove to be, we may, it seems to me, represent an ideal compound retina of the crustacean type by combining the investigations of Berger, Claus, Reichenbach, and Parker in the following figure. [Illustration: FIG. 42.--IDEAL DIAGRAM OF THE LAYERS IN A CRUSTACEAN EYE. The retina is divided into an epithelial part, _C_ (the layer of retinular cells and rhabdomes), and a neurodermal or cerebral part, which is formed of, _A_, the ganglion of the optic nerve, and, _B_, the ganglion of the retina. 1, optic nerve fibres which cross at their entrance into the retina; 2, int. molecular layer with its two rows of cells; 3, int. nuclear layer; 4, Reichenbach's double row of large lightly-staining cells; 5, layer of terminal retinal fibres; 6, ext. nuclear layer; 7, ext. limiting membrane; 8, layer of crystalline cones; 9, cornea.] The comparison of this figure (Fig. 42) with that of the Petromyzon retina (Fig. 41) shows how great is the similarity of the latter with the arthropod type, and how the very points in which it deviates from the recognized vertebrate type are explainable by comparison with that of the arthropod. The most striking difference between the retinas in the two figures is that the layer of terminal nerve fibres (5, Fig. 42), which, after all, are only the elongated terminations of the retinal cells belonging to Parker's neurones of the first order, is very much longer than in Petromyzon or in any vertebrate, for the external molecular layer (6, Fig. 41) (Müller's layer of Nervenansätze) is very short and inconspicuous (in Fig. 41 it is drawn too thick).